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The Security of Big Data in Fog-Enabled IoT Applications Including Blockchain: A Survey

机译：启用雾的IoT应用（包括区块链）中的大数据安全性：一项调查

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摘要

The proliferation of inter-connected devices in critical industries, such as healthcare and power grid, is changing the perception of what constitutes critical infrastructure. The rising interconnectedness of new critical industries is driven by the growing demand for seamless access to information as the world becomes more mobile and connected and as the Internet of Things (IoT) grows. Critical industries are essential to the foundation of today’s society, and interruption of service in any of these sectors can reverberate through other sectors and even around the globe. In today’s hyper-connected world, the critical infrastructure is more vulnerable than ever to cyber threats, whether state sponsored, criminal groups or individuals. As the number of interconnected devices increases, the number of potential access points for hackers to disrupt critical infrastructure grows. This new attack surface emerges from fundamental changes in the critical infrastructure of organizations technology systems. This paper aims to improve understanding the challenges to secure future digital infrastructure while it is still evolving. After introducing the infrastructure generating big data, the functionality-based fog architecture is defined. In addition, a comprehensive review of security requirements in fog-enabled IoT systems is presented. Then, an in-depth analysis of the fog computing security challenges and big data privacy and trust concerns in relation to fog-enabled IoT are given. We also discuss blockchain as a key enabler to address many security related issues in IoT and consider closely the complementary interrelationships between blockchain and fog computing. In this context, this work formalizes the task of securing big data and its scope, provides a taxonomy to categories threats to fog-based IoT systems, presents a comprehensive comparison of state-of-the-art contributions in the field according to their security service and recommends promising research directions for future investigations.
机译：关键行业（例如医疗保健和电网）中互连设备的激增，正在改变人们对构成关键基础设施的看法。随着世界变得更加移动和互联以及物联网（IoT）的发展，对无缝访问信息的需求不断增长，推动了新的关键行业之间日益紧密的联系。关键行业对于当今社会的基础至关重要，这些部门中任何一个部门的服务中断都会在其他部门甚至全球范围内产生影响。在当今高度连接的世界中，关键基础设施比以往任何时候都更容易受到网络威胁的攻击，无论是国家赞助，犯罪集团还是个人。随着互连设备数量的增加，黑客破坏关键基础设施的潜在访问点数量也在增加。这种新的攻击面源于组织技术系统关键基础架构的根本变化。本文旨在增进人们对在不断发展的数字基础设施的保护方面面临的挑战的了解。在引入生成大数据的基础架构之后，便定义了基于功能的雾架构。此外，还对启用雾的物联网系统中的安全性要求进行了全面回顾。然后，针对雾计算安全挑战以及与启用雾的物联网相关的大数据隐私和信任问题进行了深入分析。我们还讨论了区块链作为解决物联网中许多与安全相关的问题的关键推动因素，并密切考虑了区块链与雾计算之间的互补相互关系。在此背景下，这项工作正式确定了保护大数据及其范围的任务，提供了对基于雾的物联网系统的威胁类别的分类，并根据其安全性对该领域的最新技术进行了全面比较服务，并为未来的研究提出有前途的研究方向。

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