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Mitochondrial DNA a Powerful Tool to Decipher Ancient Human Civilization from Domestication to Music and to Uncover Historical Murder Cases

机译:线粒体DNA一种强大的工具可以帮助人类破解从驯化到音乐的古代人类文明并揭示历史谋杀案

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摘要

Mitochondria are unique organelles carrying their own genetic material, independent from that in the nucleus. This review will discuss the nature of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and its levels in the cell, which are the key elements to consider when trying to achieve molecular identification in ancient and degraded samples. mtDNA sequence analysis has been appropriately validated and is a consistent molecular target for the examination of biological evidence encountered in forensic cases—and profiling, in certain conditions—especially for burnt bodies and degraded samples of all types. Exceptional cases and samples will be discussed in this review, such as mtDNA from leather in Beethoven’s grand piano, mtDNA in mummies, and solving famous historical criminal cases. In addition, this review will be discussing the use of ancient mtDNA to understand past human diet, to trace historical civilizations and ancient trade routes, and to uncover geographical domestication origins and lineage relationships. In each topic, we will present the power of mtDNA and how, in many cases, no nuclear DNA was left, leaving mitochondrial DNA analysis as a powerful alternative. Exploring this powerful tool further will be extremely useful to modern science and researchers, due to its capabilities in providing us with previously unattainable knowledge.
机译:线粒体是独特的细胞器,具有独立于细胞核的遗传物质。这篇综述将讨论线粒体DNA(mtDNA)的性质及其在细胞中的水平,这是试图在古代和降解样品中进行分子鉴定时要考虑的关键因素。 mtDNA序列分析已得到适当验证,并且是检查法医案件中遇到的生物学证据(和在某些条件下进行分析)时(尤其是燃烧的物体和所有类型的降解样品的一致证据)的一致分子靶标。本文将讨论特殊的案例和样本,例如贝多芬三角钢琴中皮革的mtDNA,木乃伊的mtDNA,以及解决著名的历史性刑事案件。此外,本文将讨论古代mtDNA的使用,以了解过去的人类饮食,追溯历史文明和古代贸易路线,以及揭示地理驯化的起源和血统关系。在每个主题中,我们将介绍mtDNA的功能以及在许多情况下如何不留下核DNA,而线粒体DNA分析可以作为强大的替代方法。由于它有能力为我们提供以前无法获得的知识,因此进一步探索这一功能强大的工具对现代科学和研究人员将极为有用。

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