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首页> 外文期刊>Cladistics: The international journal of the Willi Hennig Society >Uncovering historical signature of mitochondrial DNA hidden in the nuclear genome: the biogeography of Schistocerca revisited
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Uncovering historical signature of mitochondrial DNA hidden in the nuclear genome: the biogeography of Schistocerca revisited

机译：揭示隐藏在核基因组中的线粒体DNA的历史特征：再访血吸虫的生物地理学

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Inadvertent coamplification of nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts) is a serious problem in mitochondrial systematics, but numts can also be a valuable source of information because they represent ancient forms of mtDNA. We present a conceptual framework of numt accumulation, which states that in a given species there can be two types of numts, synaponumts and autaponumts, resulting from integration occurring respectively before and after a speciation event. In a given clade, a species that diverged early can only have its own autaponumts as well as synaponumts that were already present in the genome of the last common ancestor. A species that diverged more recently may, however, have many different synaponumts integrated at each different divergence as well as its own autaponumts. Therefore it is possible to decipher the evolutionary history of a species based on the phylogenetic distribution of numts in a simultaneous analysis of numts and extant mtDNA. In this study, we test this idea empirically in the context of addressing a controversial question regarding the biogeography of the grasshopper genus Schistocerca Stal (Orthoptera: Acrididae), based on numts of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. We find that our empirical data can be explained adequately by our conceptual framework, and that the phylogenetic distribution of COI numts reveals intricate evolutionary histories about past speciation events that are otherwise difficult to detect using conventional markers. Our study strongly favours the Old World origin of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria and the New World Schistocerca species are descendants from an ancestral gregaria-like species that colonized the New World via westward transatlantic flight. However, the phylogenetic distribution of S. gregaria numts raises a distinct possibility that there might have been multiple founding events from Africa to America to give rise to the present-day diversity of the genus. This is a case study for a creative use of numts as molecular fossils, and we demonstrate that numts provide an interesting and powerful phylogenetic signal, much more than what extant mtDNA or nuclear gene sequences might be able to provide
机译：核线粒体假基因的无意放大是线粒体系统学中的一个严重问题，但由于它们代表着古老的mtDNA形式，所以它们也可以成为有价值的信息来源。我们提出了数量积累的概念框架，该框架指出，在给定物种中，由于物种形成事件之前和之后分别发生的整合，可能存在两种类型的数量，即突触和共生。在给定的进化枝中，一个早先分化的物种只能拥有自己的autaponumt以及最后一个共同祖先的基因组中已经存在的突触。但是，最近发散的物种可能在每个不同发散处整合了许多不同的突触，以及其自身的倒影。因此，有可能在对numts和现存的mtDNA进行同时分析的基础上，根据numes的系统发育分布来解释物种的进化历史。在这项研究中，我们在解决关于蚱Sch属Schistocerca Stal（直翅目：Ac科）的生物地理学的一个有争议的问题的背景下，对这一想法进行了经验检验，该问题基于细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I（COI）基因的数目。我们发现，我们的经验数据可以由我们的概念框架充分解释，并且COI分子的系统发育分布揭示了有关过去物种形成事件的错综复杂的进化历史，否则这些历史很难使用常规标记物进行检测。我们的研究强烈支持沙漠蝗虫的旧世界起源，血吸虫和新世界血吸虫物种是祖先的类葛雷亚物种的后代，这些物种通过向西的跨大西洋飞行定居在新世界。但是，S。gregaria nums的系统发育分布提出了一个明显的可能性，即可能有从非洲到美国的多次开创性事件，导致当今该属的多样性。这是一个以创新的方式使用分子作为分子化石的案例研究，我们证明了分子提供了有趣而强大的系统发生信号，远远超过了现有的mtDNA或核基因序列所能提供的能力

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