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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>The Journal of Neuroscience >The circadian pacemaker in the Aplysia eye sends axons throughout the central nervous system
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The circadian pacemaker in the Aplysia eye sends axons throughout the central nervous system

机译：Aplysia眼中的生物钟起搏器在整个中枢神经系统内发送轴突

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Each eye of Aplysia contains a population of electrically coupled pacemaker neurons whose synchronous activity can be recorded from the optic nerve as a compound action potential (CAP). The CAP frequency continues to show a circadian rhythm even when the eye is isolated from the animal and maintained in constant conditions, and thus it contains an autonomous circadian pacemaker, which may reside in the pacemaker neurons. The pacemaker neurons, along with retinal photoreceptors, send axons out of the optic nerve, which connects to the cerebral ganglion of the central nervous system (CNS). Pacemaker neurons, but not photoreceptors, may contain an aminergic transmitter, possibly dopamine (DA). We describe the central projections of optic nerve fibers using horseradish peroxidase filling of the cut optic nerve, and transport of radiolabeled macromolecules after selective exposure of the eye to [3H] leucine, which labels both pacemaker neurons and photoreceptors. We were able to determine the projections of pacemaker axons by exposing the eye to [3H]-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine [( 3H] DOPA and [3H]DA, which is preferentially taken up and transported by the pacemaker neurons. Pacemaker axons project bilaterally to the cerebral, pedal, and pleural ganglia and may extend as far as the abdominal ganglion. We corroborate this anatomical evidence by recording an orthodromic CAP in the optic nerve that had originated in the eye and subsequently recording the CAP in the CNS connectives and nerves that contained [3H]DOPA-labeled fibers. These results suggest that circadian pacemaker information from the eye is widely distributed throughout the CNS, including neural structures known from studies by others to mediate circadian-regulated behaviors, such as locomotion. Thus, Aplysia can now be used as a model system to examine the influence of the central projections of an identified circadian pacemaker on behavior, such as locomotion, at the level of identified central neurons.
机译：海ly的每只眼睛都包含一群电耦合的起搏器神经元，其同步活动可以从视神经记录为复合动作电位（CAP）。即使将眼睛与动物隔离并保持恒定状态，CAP频率仍继续显示昼夜节律，因此它包含一个自主的昼夜节律起搏器，该生物钟可能位于起搏器神经元中。起搏器神经元与视网膜感光器一起，将轴突从视神经发出，视神经与中枢神经系统（CNS）的神经节相连。起搏器神经元而非光感受器可能含有胺能递质，可能是多巴胺（DA）。我们描述了使用辣根过氧化物酶填充视神经纤维的视神经纤维的中心投影，以及选择性地将眼睛暴露于[3H]亮氨酸（标记了起搏器神经元和感光细胞）后，放射性标记的大分子的运输。通过将眼睛暴露于起搏器神经元优先摄取和运输的[3H] -3,4-二羟基苯基丙氨酸[（3H] DOPA和[3H] DA），我们能够确定起搏器轴突的投影。在大脑，踏板和胸膜神经节的两侧，可能延伸到腹部神经节。我们通过记录起源于眼睛的视神经中的正畸CAP并随后在CNS结缔组织中记录CAP来证实这一解剖学证据这些神经表明含有[3H] DOPA标记纤维的神经，这些昼夜节律起搏器信息广泛分布于整个中枢神经系统中，包括其他人为调解昼夜节律行为（例如运动）而进行研究的神经结构。现在可以用作模型系统，以在识别级别上检查已确定的昼夜节律起搏器的中心预测对行为（例如运动）的影响fied中枢神经元。

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