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Diplostigmaty in plants: a novel mechanism that provides reproductive assurance

机译:植物外交:提供生殖保证的新机制

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摘要

Differentiation of female sexual organs in flowering plants is rare and contrasts with the wide range of male reproductive strategies. An unusual example involves diplostigmaty, the possession of spatially and temporally distinct stigmas in Sebaea (Gentianaceae). Here, the single pistil within a flower has an apical stigma, as occurs in most flowering plants, but also a secondary stigma that occurs midway down the style, which is physically discrete and receptive several days after the apical stigma. We examined the function of diplostigmaty in Sebaea aurea, an insect-pollinated species of the Western Cape of South Africa. Floral manipulations and measurements of fertility and mating patterns provided evidence that basal stigmas function to enable autonomous delayed self-pollination, without limiting opportunities for outcrossing and thus avoiding the costs of seed discounting. We suggest that delayed selfing serves as a mechanism of reproductive assurance in populations with low plant density. The possession of dimorphic stigma function provides a novel example of a flexible mixed-mating strategy in plants that is responsive to changing demographic conditions.
机译:开花植物中女性性器官的分化很少见,并且与广泛的男性生殖策略形成对比。一个不寻常的例子涉及外交,即在虎杖(龙胆科)中存在时空不同的柱头。在这里,一朵花中的单个雌蕊具有顶端的柱头,如大多数开花植物中所发生的那样,但是还有一个次生的柱头,发生在花柱的中途,在顶端的柱头几天后是物理上离散的并且可以接受的。我们在南非西开普省的一种以昆虫为授粉物种的金黄色葡萄球菌中研究了双外交的功能。花卉操作和育性及交配模式的测量提供了证据,即基础柱头能够自动延迟自花授粉,而不会限制杂交的机会,从而避免了种子折扣的成本。我们建议在植物密度低的人群中,自交延迟是繁殖保证的一种机制。双态柱头功能的拥有提供了一种灵活的混合交配策略在植物中的新示例,该策略可响应不断变化的人口状况。

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