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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Applied and Environmental Microbiology >Elucidation of Listeria monocytogenes Contamination Routes in Cold-Smoked Salmon Processing Plants Detected by DNA-Based Typing Methods
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Elucidation of Listeria monocytogenes Contamination Routes in Cold-Smoked Salmon Processing Plants Detected by DNA-Based Typing Methods

机译：基于DNA分型方法的冷熏鲑鱼加工厂中李斯特菌李斯特菌污染途径的阐明

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The contamination routes of Listeria monocytogenes in cold-smoked salmon processing plants were investigated by analyzing 3,585 samples from products (produced in 1995, 1996, 1998, and 1999) and processing environments (samples obtained in 1998 and 1999) of two Danish smokehouses. The level of product contamination in plant I varied from 31 to 85%, and no L. monocytogenes was found on raw fish (30 fish were sampled). In plant II, the levels of both raw fish and product contamination varied from 0 to 25% (16 of 185 raw fish samples and 59 of 1,000 product samples were positive for L. monocytogenes). A total of 429 strains of L. monocytogenes were subsequently compared by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiling, and 55 different RAPD types were found. The RAPD types detected on the products were identical to types found on the processing equipment and in the processing environment, suggesting that contamination of the final product (cold-smoked salmon) in both plants (but primarily in plant I) was due to contamination during processing rather than to contamination from raw fish. However, the possibility that raw fish was an important source of contamination of the processing equipment and environment could not be excluded. Contamination of the product occurred in specific areas (the brining and slicing areas). In plant I, the same RAPD type (RAPD type 12) was found over a 4-year period, indicating that an established in-house flora persisted and was not eliminated by routine hygienic procedures. In plant II, where the prevalence of L. monocytogenes was much lower, no RAPD type persisted over long periods of time, and several different L. monocytogenes RAPD types were isolated. This indicates that persistent strains may be avoided by rigorous cleaning and sanitation; however, due to the ubiquitous nature of the organism, sporadic contamination occurred. A subset of strains was also typed by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and amplified fragment length polymorphism profiling, and these methods confirmed the type division obtained by RAPD profiling.
机译：通过分析来自丹麦两家烟厂的产品（1995年，1996年，1998年和1999年生产）和加工环境（1998年和1999年获得的样品）中的3585个样品，研究了冷熏鲑鱼加工厂中李斯特菌的污染途径。植物I中产品污染的程度从31％到85％不等，在生鱼上未发现单核细胞增生李斯特菌（取样了30条鱼）。在工厂II中，生鱼和产品污染的水平在0％到25％之间变化（185个生鱼样品中的16个和1,000个产品样品中的59个对单核细胞增生李斯特菌呈阳性）。随后通过随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）分析对总共429株单核细胞增生李斯特菌进行了比较，发现了55种不同的RAPD类型。在产品上检测到的RAPD类型与在加工设备上以及在加工环境中发现的类型相同，这表明这两种工厂（但主要是在工厂I）中最终产品（冷熏鲑鱼）的污染是由于加工而不是受到生鱼的污染。但是，不能排除生鱼是加工设备和环境污染的重要来源的可能性。产品的污染发生在特定区域（盐渍和切片区域）。在工厂I中，在4年的时间内发现了相同的RAPD类型（RAPD类型12），这表明建立的内部植物区系持续存在，并且不能通过常规卫生程序消除。在植物II中，单核细胞增生李斯特菌的患病率低得多，长时间没有RAPD类型持续存在，并且分离了几种不同的单核细胞增生李斯特菌RAPD类型。这表明可以通过严格的清洁和卫生措施避免持久的劳累；然而，由于该生物无处不在的性质，发生了零星的污染。还使用脉冲场凝胶电泳和扩增的片段长度多态性谱图对菌株的一个亚型进行分类，这些方法证实了通过RAPD谱图进行的类型划分。

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