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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Public Health >Health Implications of Diverse Visions of Urban Spaces: Bridging the Formal-Informal Divide
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Health Implications of Diverse Visions of Urban Spaces: Bridging the Formal-Informal Divide

机译：城市空间不同愿景的健康影响：弥合形式-非正式鸿沟

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In the past 200 years, urban spaces have been imagined as neatly laid out, well-planned, sanitised and civilised places of dense human habitation with regulated economic activity, where political power, financial capital, the frontiers of knowledge and technology thrive. This has been the urban planners dream, even while it does not reflect the full reality, whether of cities in the LMICs or the HICs. In the face of such homogenising visions arising from Euro-American models, formal urban systems fail to provide adequately for residents' needs, who then carve out their own resources and processes for meeting them, largely within the domain of urban “informality.” While large part of literature presents urban informality as reflected in the slum, others have shown how it is found in relation to all classes (). The concept of informality has largely been applied to the core dimensions of economic life of the city. Applied to people's “ways of life,” intermingling of the formal and informal becomes distinctly evident in everyday practices in locations such as the peri-urban, and in activities such as health care. This paper opens up the sphere of health care for urban planning that has, in recent decades, left it largely untouched. It uses data from a rapid assessment of health seeking behaviour of three socioeconomic groups—the middle class, slum-dwellers, and homeless— in Delhi, the capital city of India. The findings, relevant beyond the specific location, reveal that people of all sections resort to myriad informal arrangements for their health care, challenging the dominant connotation of the formal-informal denoting a legitimate-illegitimate dichotomy. This provides potential directions to bridge the formal-informal divide, to re-configure urban planning towards more sustainable futures with plural visions of land use and urban greening for healthier urban conditions and for health care provisioning. The analysis posits that, besides the economic and political relations shaping the formal and informal, the politics of knowledge must be factored in if the informal has to be adequately understood for building sustainable futures.
机译：在过去的200年中，人们一直将城市空间想象为布局整齐，规划合理，环境卫生，文明的，人口密集，经济活动规范的地方，在这里政治力量，金融资本，知识和技术领域蓬勃发展。即使这并未反映出中低收入国家或高收入国家的城市的真实情况，这仍然是城市规划者的梦想。面对欧美模式产生的这种同质化愿景，正式的城市体系无法充分满足居民的需求，他们随后在城市“非正式性”的范围内掏出自己的资源和流程来满足他们的需求。尽管大部分文学作品都反映出贫民窟中反映出的城市非正式性，但其他文学作品却表明了与所有阶级相关的非正式性。非正式性的概念已广泛应用于城市经济生活的核心层面。在人们的“生活方式”中，正式和非正式的混合在诸如郊区等地方的日常实践以及诸如医疗保健等活动中变得显而易见。本文为城市规划开辟了医疗保健领域，近几十年来，该领域在很大程度上并未受到影响。它使用了来自印度首都德里的三个社会经济群体（中产阶级，贫民窟和无家可归者）的健康寻求行为的快速评估数据。与特定地点相关的调查结果表明，各个部门的人们在医疗保健上都采用了多种非正式的安排，这挑战了正式-非正式的合法含义，即合法-非法的二分法。这提供了可能的方向，以弥合正式和非正式的鸿沟，将城市规划重新配置为更可持续的未来，并具有土地使用和城市绿化的多种愿景，以实现更健康的城市条件和医疗保健的提供。分析认为，除了经济和政治关系构成正式和非正式的关系外，如果必须充分理解非正式因素以建立可持续的未来，则必须考虑知识政治。

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