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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of Neurophysiology >Control of Coordinated Movements: Compensating for intersegmental dynamics across the shoulder elbow and wrist joints during feedforward and feedback control
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Control of Coordinated Movements: Compensating for intersegmental dynamics across the shoulder elbow and wrist joints during feedforward and feedback control

机译：控制协调的运动：补偿前馈和反馈控制过程中跨肩膀肘部和腕关节的节间动力

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Moving the arm is complicated by mechanical interactions that arise between limb segments. Such intersegmental dynamics cause torques applied at one joint to produce movement at multiple joints, and in turn, the only way to create single joint movement is by applying torques at multiple joints. We investigated whether the nervous system accounts for intersegmental limb dynamics across the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints during self-initiated planar reaching and when countering external mechanical perturbations. Our first experiment tested whether the timing and amplitude of shoulder muscle activity account for interaction torques produced during single-joint elbow movements from different elbow initial orientations and over a range of movement speeds. We found that shoulder muscle activity reliably preceded movement onset and elbow agonist activity, and was scaled to compensate for the magnitude of interaction torques arising because of forearm rotation. Our second experiment tested whether elbow muscles compensate for interaction torques introduced by single-joint wrist movements. We found that elbow muscle activity preceded movement onset and wrist agonist muscle activity, and thus the nervous system predicted interaction torques arising because of hand rotation. Our third and fourth experiments tested whether shoulder muscles compensate for interaction torques introduced by different hand orientations during self-initiated elbow movements and to counter mechanical perturbations that caused pure elbow motion. We found that the nervous system predicted the amplitude and direction of interaction torques, appropriately scaling the amplitude of shoulder muscle activity during self-initiated elbow movements and rapid feedback control. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the nervous system robustly accounts for intersegmental dynamics and that the process is similar across the proximal to distal musculature of the arm as well as between feedforward (i.e., self-initiated) and feedback (i.e., reflexive) control.>NEW & NOTEWORTHY Intersegmental dynamics complicate the mapping between applied joint torques and the resulting joint motions. We provide evidence that the nervous system robustly predicts these intersegmental limb dynamics across the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints during reaching and when countering external perturbations.
机译：肢体段之间出现机械相互作用，使手臂移动变得复杂。这种段间动力学导致施加在一个关节上的扭矩在多个关节处产生运动，进而，产生单个关节运动的唯一方法是在多个关节上施加扭矩。我们调查了神经系统是否在自发平面伸直过程中以及抵抗外部机械干扰时解释了跨肩膀，肘部和腕关节的节间肢体动力学。我们的第一个实验测试了肩部肌肉活动的时机和幅度是否解释了从不同肘部初始方向以及在一定范围的运动速度下单关节肘部运动期间产生的相互作用扭矩。我们发现肩部肌肉活动可靠地先于运动发作和肘部激动剂活动，并且被缩放以补偿由于前臂旋转而产生的相互作用扭矩的大小。我们的第二个实验测试了肘部肌肉是否能够补偿单关节腕部运动所引入的相互作用扭矩。我们发现肘部肌肉活动先于运动发作和腕部激动剂肌肉活动，因此神经系统预测了由于手旋转而产生的相互作用扭矩。我们的第三个和第四个实验测试了肩部肌肉是否可以补偿在自发肘部运动过程中不同手部姿势所引入的相互作用扭矩，以及抵抗引起纯肘部运动的机械干扰。我们发现神经系统预测了相互作用扭矩的幅度和方向，在自发肘部运动和快速反馈控制过程中适当缩放了肩部肌肉活动的幅度。综上所述，我们的结果表明，神经系统强有力地解释了节间动力学，并且该过程在手臂的近端至远端肌肉组织之间以及前馈（即自发）和反馈（即反身）控制之间是相似的>新的和有趣的节间动力学使施加的关节扭矩和关节运动之间的映射复杂化。我们提供的证据表明，神经系统可以在伸手及抵御外部干扰时强有力地预测跨肩，肘和腕关节的这些节间肢体动力学。

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