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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >Compensating for intersegmental dynamics across the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints during feedforward and feedback control
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Compensating for intersegmental dynamics across the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints during feedforward and feedback control

机译：在馈送和反馈控制期间补偿肩部，肘部和腕线的主体动力学

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Moving the arm is complicated by mechanical interactions that arise between limb segments. Such intersegmental dynamics cause torques applied at one joint to produce movement at multiple joints, and in turn, the only way to create single joint movement is by applying torques at multiple joints. We investigated whether the nervous system accounts for intersegmental limb dynamics across the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints during self-initiated planar reaching and when countering external mechanical perturbations. Our first experiment tested whether the timing and amplitude of shoulder muscle activity account for interaction torques produced during single-joint elbow movements from different elbow initial orientations and over a range of movement speeds. We found that shoulder muscle activity reliably preceded movement onset and elbow agonist activity, and was scaled to compensate for the magnitude of interaction torques arising because of forearm rotation. Our second experiment tested whether elbow muscles compensate for interaction torques introduced by single-joint wrist movements. We found that elbow muscle activity preceded movement onset and wrist agonist muscle activity, and thus the nervous system predicted interaction torques arising because of hand rotation. Our third and fourth experiments tested whether shoulder muscles compensate for interaction torques introduced by different hand orientations during self-initiated elbow movements and to counter mechanical perturbations that caused pure elbow motion. We found that the nervous system predicted the amplitude and direction of interaction torques, appropriately scaling the amplitude of shoulder muscle activity during self-initiated elbow movements and rapid feedback control. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the nervous system robustly accounts for intersegmental dynamics and that the process is similar across the proximal to distal musculature of the arm as well as between feedforward (i.e., self- initiated) and feedback (i.e., reflexive) control.
机译：通过肢体段之间产生的机械相互作用，移动臂的移动变得复杂。这种层的动态导致扭矩在一个接头处施加，以在多个关节上产生运动，然后创建单个关节运动的唯一方法是在多个关节处施加扭矩。我们调查了神经系统是否在自发起的平面期间占据了肩部，肘部和腕部的主题肢体动态，并在抵消外部机械扰动时。我们的第一个实验测试了在不同弯头初始取向和一系列运动速度范围内的单关节肘部运动中产生的肩部肌肉活动的时序和幅度。我们发现肩部肌肉活性可靠地先前动作发作和肘部激动剂活动，并进行了缩放以补偿由于前臂旋转而产生的相互作用扭矩的大小。我们的第二个实验测试了肘部肌肉是否补偿了单关节手腕运动引入的交互扭矩。我们发现肘部肌肉活动前面的运动开始和腕部激动剂肌肉活动，因此由于手旋转而导致的神经系统预测的相互作用扭矩。我们的第三和第四个实验测试了肩部肌肉是否补偿了在自发起的肘部运动期间通过不同的手取向引入的相互作用扭矩，并对导致纯肘部运动的机械扰动进行计量。我们发现神经系统预测了相互作用扭矩的幅度和方向，在自引发的肘部运动期间适当地缩放肩部肌肉活动的幅度和快速反馈控制。我们的结果表明，神经系统强大地占主角动态的叙述，并且该过程在近侧到臂的远端肌肉组织以及前馈（即，自发的）和反馈（即，反射）控制之间相似。

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