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The occurrence of individual slow waves in sleep is predicted by heart rate

机译:心率可预测睡眠中个体慢波的发生

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摘要

The integration of near-infrared spectroscopy and electroencephalography measures presents an ideal method to study the haemodynamics of sleep. While the cortical dynamics and neuro-modulating influences affecting the transition from wakefulness to sleep is well researched, the assumption has been that individual slow waves, the hallmark of deep sleep, are spontaneously occurring cortical events. By creating event-related potentials from the NIRS recording, time-locked to the onset of thousands of individual slow waves, we show the onset of slow waves is phase-locked to an ongoing oscillation in the NIRS recording. This oscillation stems from the moment to moment fluctuations of light absorption caused by arterial pulsations driven by the heart beat. The same oscillating signal can be detected if the electrocardiogram is time-locked to the onset of the slow wave. The ongoing NIRS oscillation suggests that individual slow wave initiation is dependent on that signal, and not the other way round. However, the precise causal links remain speculative. We propose several potential mechanisms: that the heart-beat or arterial pulsation acts as a stimulus which evokes a down-state; local fluctuations in energy supply may lead to a network effect of hyperpolarization; that the arterial pulsations lead to corresponding changes in the cerebral-spinal-fluid which evokes the slow wave; or that a third neural generator, regulating heart rate and slow waves may be involved.
机译:近红外光谱和脑电图测量方法的集成为研究睡眠的血液动力学提供了一种理想的方法。尽管对影响从清醒到睡眠的过渡的皮层动力学和神经调节影响进行了充分的研究,但可以假设,深睡眠的标志性个体慢波是自然发生的皮层事件。通过从NIRS记录中创建与事件相关的电位(时间锁定到成千上万个单独的慢波的发作),我们显示了慢波的发作被锁相到NIRS记录中正在进行的振荡。这种振荡源于由心跳驱动的动脉搏动引起的光吸收的瞬间波动。如果心电图在时间上锁定到慢波的开始,则可以检测到相同的振荡信号。正在进行的NIRS振荡表明,单个慢波的启动取决于该信号,而不是相反。但是,确切的因果联系仍然是推测性的。我们提出了几种潜在的机制:心跳或动脉搏动是引起低态的刺激。能源供应的局部波动可能导致超极化的网络效应;动脉搏动导致脑脊液的相应变化,从而引起慢波;或可能涉及调节心律和慢波的第三神经发生器。

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