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Characterization and Initial Application of Endophytic Bacillus safensis Strain ZY16 for Improving Phytoremediation of Oil-Contaminated Saline Soils

机译：内生芽孢杆菌安全菌株ZY16的特性及其在植物修复中的应用

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摘要

Hydrocarbon-degrading and plant-growth-promoting bacterial endophytes have proven useful for facilitating the phytoremediation of petroleum-contaminated soils with high salinity. In this study, we identified Bacillus safensis strain ZY16 as an endophytic bacterium that can degrade hydrocarbons, produce biosurfactants, tolerate salt, and promote plant growth. The strain was isolated from the root of Chloris virgata Sw., a halotolerant plant collected from the Yellow River Delta. ZY16 survived in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth with 0–16% (w/v) sodium chloride (NaCl) and grew well in LB broth supplemented with 0–8% NaCl, indicating its high salt tolerance. The endophytic strain ZY16 effectively degraded C12–C32 n-alkanes of diesel oil effectively, as well as common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons under hypersaline conditions. For example, in mineral salts (MS) liquid medium supplemented with 6% NaCl, ZY16 degraded n-undecane, n-hexadecane, n-octacosane, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene, with degradation percentages of 94.5, 98.2, 64.8, 72.1, 59.4, and 27.6%, respectively. In addition, ZY16 produced biosurfactant, as confirmed by the oil spreading technique, surface tension detection, and emulsification of para-xylene and paraffin. The biosurfactant production ability of ZY16 under hypersaline conditions was also determined. Moreover, ZY16 showed plant-growth-promoting attributes, such as siderophore and indole-3-acetic acid production, as well as phosphate solubilization. To assess the enhanced phytoremediation of saline soils polluted by hydrocarbons and the plant-growth-promotion ability of ZY16, a pot trial with and without inoculation of the endophyte was designed and performed. Inoculated and non-inoculated plantlets of C. virgata Sw. were grown in oil-polluted saline soil, with oil and salt contents of 10462 mg/kg and 0.51%, respectively. After 120 days of growth, significant enhancement of both the aerial and underground biomass of ZY16-inoculated plants was observed. The soil total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation percentage (a metric of phytoremediation) after incubation with ZY16 was 63.2%, representing an elevation of 25.7% over phytoremediation without ZY16 inoculation. Our study should promote the application of endophytic B. safensis ZY16 in phytoremediation by extending our understanding of the mutualistic interactions between endophytes and their host plants.
机译：事实证明，降解烃和促进植物生长的细菌内生菌有助于促进高盐度石油污染土壤的植物修复。在这项研究中，我们确定了枯草芽孢杆菌ZY16菌株是一种内生细菌，可以降解碳氢化合物，产生生物表面活性剂，耐受盐分并促进植物生长。该菌株是从Chloris virgata Sw。的根中分离出来的，Chloris virgata Sw。是从黄河三角洲收集的卤虫植物。 ZY16在含有0–16％（w / v）氯化钠（NaCl）的Luria-Bertani（LB）肉汤中存活，并且在补充有0–8％NaCl的LB肉汤中生长良好，表明其高耐盐性。内生菌株ZY16有效地降解了柴油中的C12–C32正构烷烃，以及高盐条件下的常见多环芳烃。例如，在添加了6％NaCl的矿物盐（MS）液体培养基中，ZY16降解的正十一烷，正十六烷，正辛烷，萘，菲和pyr的降解百分比分别为94.5、98.2、64.8、72.1，分别为59.4和27.6％。此外，ZY16生产的生物表面活性剂已通过涂油技术，表面张力检测以及对二甲苯和石蜡的乳化作用得到证实。还确定了在高盐条件下ZY16的生物表面活性剂生产能力。此外，ZY16具有促进植物生长的特性，例如铁载体和吲哚-3-乙酸的产生，以及磷酸盐的增溶作用。为了评估被碳氢化合物污染的盐渍土壤的增强植物修复作用和ZY16的植物生长促进能力，设计并进行了盆栽试验（有或没有接种内生菌）。 C. virgata Sw。的已接种和未接种苗。在油污盐渍土壤中生长，油和盐含量分别为10462 mg / kg和0.51％。生长120天后，观察到接种ZY16的植物的空中和地下生物量均显着增强。与ZY16孵育后，土壤总石油烃降解百分率（一种植物修复指标）为63.2％，比未接种ZY16的植物修复提高了25.7％。我们的研究应通过扩大我们对内生菌与其宿主植物之间相互作用的理解，来促进内生B. safensis ZY16在植物修复中的应用。

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