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Effects of Different Training Intensity Distributions Between Elite Cross-Country Skiers and Nordic-Combined Athletes During Live High-Train Low

机译：优秀的越野滑雪者和北欧联合运动员在高强度住低训练期间不同训练强度分布的影响

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>Purpose: To analyze the effects of different training strategies (i.e., mainly intensity distribution) during living high – training low (LHTL) between elite cross-country skiers and Nordic-combined athletes.>Methods: 12 cross-country skiers (XC) (7 men, 5 women), and 8 male Nordic combined (NC) of the French national teams were monitored during 15 days of LHTL. The distribution of training at low-intensity (LIT), below the first ventilatory threshold (VT1), was 80% and 55% in XC and NC respectively. Daily, they filled a questionnaire of fatigue, and performed a heart rate variability (HRV) test. Prior (Pre) and immediately after (Post), athletes performed a treadmill incremental running test for determination of V˙O2max and V˙O2 at the second ventilatory threshold (V˙O2V T2), a field roller-skiing test with blood lactate ([La-]) assessment.>Results: The training volume was in XC and NC, respectively: at LIT: 45.9 ± 6.4 vs. 23.9 ± 2.8 h (p < 0.001), at moderate intensity: 1.9 ± 0.5 vs. 3.0 ± 0.4 h, (p < 0.001), at high intensity: 1.2 ± 0.9 vs. 1.4 ± 02 h (p = 0.05), in strength (and jump in NC): 7.1 ± 1.5 vs. 18.4 ± 2.7 h, (p < 0.001). Field roller-skiing performance was improved (-2.9 ± 1.6%, p < 0.001) in XC but decreased (4.1 ± 2.6%, p < 0.01) in NC. [La-] was unchanged (-4.1 ± 14.2%, p = 0.3) in XC but decreased (-27.0 ± 11.1%, p < 0.001) in NC. Changes in field roller-skiing performance and in [La-] were correlated (r = -0.77, p < 0.001). V˙O2max increased in both XC and NC (3.7 ± 4.2%, p = 0.01 vs. 3.7 ± 2.2%, p = 0.002) but V˙O2V T2 increased only in XC (7.3 ± 5.8%, p = 0.002). HRV analysis showed differences between XC and NC mainly in high spectral frequency in the supine position (HFSU). All NC skiers showed some signs of overreaching at Post.>Conclusion: During LHTL, despite a higher training volume, XC improved specific performance and aerobic capacities, while NC did not. All NC skiers showed fatigue states. These findings suggest that a large amount of LIT with a moderate volume of strength and speed training is required during LHTL in endurance athletes.
机译：>目的：分析精英越野滑雪者和北欧组合运动员在高居低训练（LHTL）期间不同训练策略（即主要是强度分布）的影响。>方法： 在LHTL的15天中，对法国国家队的12名越野滑雪者（XC）（7名男性，5名女性）和8名男性北欧组合（NC）进行了监测。在XC和NC中，低于第一通气阈值（VT1）的低强度（LIT）训练的分布分别为80％和55％。每天，他们填写一份疲劳调查表，并进行心率变异性（HRV）测试。在之前（之前）和之后（之后），运动员进行了跑步机增量跑步测试，以确定 V ˙ O2max和 V ˙ O2处于第二个呼吸阈值（ <移动器重音= “ true“> V ˙ O2V T2），这是一种采用血乳酸（[La-]）评估的野外滑行试验。 strong>结果：：训练量分别为XC和NC：LIT：45.9±6.4 vs. 23.9±2.8 h（p <0.001），中等强度：1.9±0.5 vs. 3.0±0.4 h ，（p <0.001），在高强度下：1.2±0.9 vs. 1.4±02 h（p = 0.05），强度（和NC跳跃）：7.1±1.5 vs. 18.4±2.7 h，（p <0.001） 。在XC中，野外滑冰性能有所改善（-2.9±1.6％，p <0.001），而在NC中则有所下降（4.1±2.6％，p <0.01）。在XC中[La-]不变（-4.1±14.2％，p = 0.3），但在NC中降低（-27.0±11.1％，p <0.001）。田间滑旱地性能和[La-]的变化是相关的（r = -0.77，p <0.001）。 <移动器重音=“ true”> V ˙ 在XC和NC中O2max都增加了（3.7±4.2％，p = 0.01 vs. 3.7±2.2％，p = 0.002）但 <移动器重音=“ true”> V ˙ O2V T2仅在XC中增加（7.3±5.8％，p = 0.002）。 HRV分析显示XC和NC之间的差异主要在于仰卧位（HFSU）的高频谱频率。 >结论：在LHTL期间，尽管训练量更高，但XC改善了特定性能和有氧运动能力，而NC则没有。所有NC滑雪者均显示疲劳状态。这些发现表明，在耐力运动员的LHTL训练过程中，需要大量LIT训练，并进行适度的力量和速度训练。

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