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Molecular Imaging of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Using ImmunoPET/MRI: The Future Looks Bright

机译:使用ImmunoPET / MRI进行侵袭性肺曲霉病的分子成像:前景一片光明

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摘要

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a life-threatening lung disease of immuno-compromised humans caused by the ubiquitous environmental mold Aspergillus. Biomarker tests for the disease lack sensitivity and specificity, and culture of the fungus from invasive lung biopsy is slow, insensitive, and undesirable in critically ill patients. A computed tomogram (CT) of the chest offers a simple non-intrusive diagnostic procedure for rapid decision making, and so is used in many hematology units to drive antifungal treatment. However, radiological indicators that raise the suspicion of IPA are either transient signs in the early stages of the disease or not specific for Aspergillus infection, with other angio-invasive molds or bacterial pathogens producing comparable radiological manifestations in a chest CT. Improvements to the specificity of radiographic imaging of IPA have been attempted by coupling CT and positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG), a marker of metabolic activity well suited to cancer imaging, but with limited use in invasive fungal disease diagnostics due to its inability to differentiate between infectious etiologies, cancer, and inflammation. Bioluminescence imaging using single genetically modified strains of Aspergillus fumigatus has enabled in vivo monitoring of IPA in animal models of disease. For in vivo detection of Aspergillus lung infections in humans, radiolabeled Aspergillus-specific monoclonal antibodies, and iron siderophores, hold enormous potential for clinical diagnosis. This review examines the different experimental technologies used to image IPA, and recent advances in state-of-the-art molecular imaging of IPA using antibody-guided PET/magnetic resonance imaging (immunoPET/MRI).
机译:侵袭性肺曲霉病(IPA)是由无处不在的环境霉菌曲霉菌引起的威胁免疫力的人的危及生命的肺部疾病。用于疾病的生物标志物检测缺乏敏感性和特异性,对于重症患者,侵袭性肺活检中真菌的培养缓慢,不敏感,是不可取的。胸部计算机断层扫描(CT)为快速决策提供了一种简单的非侵入性诊断程序,因此可在许多血液病学部门中使用它来推动抗真菌治疗。但是,引起IPA怀疑的放射学指标要么是疾病早期的暂时性征兆,要么不是特定于曲霉菌感染的,其他血管浸润性霉菌或细菌病原体在胸部CT中可产生类似的放射学表现。已经尝试通过将CT和正电子发射断层扫描(PET)与[ 18 F]氟脱氧葡萄糖([ 18 F] FDG)结合来改善IPA放射成像的特异性,代谢活性的标记,非常适合癌症成像,但由于无法区分感染性病因,癌症和炎症,因此在侵入性真菌疾病诊断中的应用受到限制。使用单一基因改造的烟曲霉菌株进行生物发光成像,可以在疾病动物模型中对IPA进行体内监测。对于体内检测人的曲霉肺部感染,放射性标记的曲霉特异性单克隆抗体和铁铁载体具有巨大的临床诊断潜力。这篇综述检查了用于对IPA成像的不同实验技术,以及使用抗体引导的PET /磁共振成像(immunoPET / MRI)对IPA进行最新分子成像的最新进展。

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