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Bamboo vs. crops: an integrated emergy and economic evaluation of using bamboo to replace crops in south Sichuan Province China

机译：竹与农作物：在中国四川省南部使用竹代替农作物的综合能值和经济评估

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摘要

Based on long-term monitoring conducted in Chang-ning county, a pilot site of the ‘Grain for Green Program’ (GFGP), an integrated emergy and economic method was applied to evaluate the dynamic ecological-economic performance of 3 kinds of bamboo systems planted on sloping farmland. The results confirmed the positive effects of all 3 kinds of bamboo systems on water conservation and soil erosion control. The benefits gained progressively increased during the first 8 years after conversion, going from 4639 to 16127 EMyuan/ha/yr on average. All three bamboo plantations were much more sustainable than common agricultural crops planted on sloping land (CP) on both the short and long-term scales with their Emergy Sustainability Index (ESI) and Emergy Index for Sustainable Development (EISD), respectively, being 14.07-325.71 and 80.35-265.80 times that of CP. However, all 3 bamboo plantations had a Net Economic Benefit (NEB) less than that of CP during the first 8 years after conversion. Even with the government-mandated ecological compensation applied, the annual NEBECs of the Bambusa rigida (BR) and Phyllostachys pubescense (PP) plantations were, respectively, 3922.03 and 7422.77 yuan/ha/yr lower than the NEB of CP. Emergy-based evaluation of ecosystem services provides an objective reference for applying ecological compensation in strategy-making, but it cannot wholly solve the economic viability problem faced by all bamboo plantations. Inter-planting annual herbs or edible fungus, such as Dictyophora echinovolvata, within bamboo forests, especially in young bamboo plantations, might be a direction for optimizing bamboo cultivation that would improve its economic viability.
机译：基于“绿色计划”试验区长宁县的长期监测，应用能值和经济方法相结合的方法来评估三种竹系统的动态生态经济绩效。种植在倾斜的农田上。结果证实了所有三种竹系统对节水和水土流失防治的积极作用。在转换后的头8年中，获得的收益逐渐增加，平均从4639 EMyuan / ha / yr变为16127 EMyuan / ha / yr。这三个竹子种植园的短期和长期规模远比在坡地（CP）上种植的普通农作物更具可持续性，其能效可持续性指数（ESI）和能效可持续发展指数（EISD）分别为14.07 -CP的-325.71和80.35-265.80倍。但是，在转换后的前8年中，这3个竹林的净经济效益（NEB）均比CP的净经济效益低。即使采用了政府规定的生态补偿措施，印度硬毛竹和毛竹人工林的年度NEBEC也分别比CP的NEB低3922.03元/公顷和7422.77元/公顷/年。基于能值的生态系统服务评估为将生态补偿应用于战略制定提供了客观的参考，但不能完全解决所有毛竹林所面临的经济可行性问题。在竹林中，特别是在年轻的竹林中，间种一年生草本植物或食用真菌，例如棘皮D Dictyophora echinovolvata，可能是优化竹林种植以提高其经济生存能力的方向。

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