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Voting contagion: Modeling and analysis of a century of U.S. presidential elections

机译:投票蔓延:一个世纪的美国总统选举的建模和分析

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摘要

Social influence plays an important role in human behavior and decisions. Sources of influence can be divided as external, which are independent of social context, or as originating from peers, such as family and friends. An important question is how to disentangle the social contagion by peers from external influences. While a variety of experimental and observational studies provided insight into this problem, identifying the extent of contagion based on large-scale observational data with an unknown network structure remains largely unexplored. By bridging the gap between the large-scale complex systems perspective of collective human dynamics and the detailed approach of social sciences, we present a parsimonious model of social influence, and apply it to a central topic in political science—elections and voting behavior. We provide an analytical expression of the county vote-share distribution, which is in excellent agreement with almost a century of observed U.S. presidential election data. Analyzing the social influence topography over this period reveals an abrupt phase transition from low to high levels of social contagion, and robust differences among regions. These results suggest that social contagion effects are becoming more instrumental in shaping large-scale collective political behavior, with implications on democratic electoral processes and policies.
机译:社会影响力在人类行为和决策中起着重要作用。影响力的来源可以分为外部因素(不依赖于社会背景),也可以源于同伴(例如家人和朋友)。一个重要的问题是如何使同龄人的社会传染病摆脱外部影响。尽管各种各样的实验和观察性研究提供了对该问题的见解,但基于未知的网络结构的大规模观察性数据来确定传染的程度仍大有待探索。通过弥合大规模复杂系统的集体人类动力学视角与社会科学详细方法之间的鸿沟,我们提出了一种简约的社会影响模型,并将其应用于政治科学的中心主题-选举和投票行为。我们提供了县级投票份额分布的分析表达式,这与近一个世纪以来观察到的美国总统选举数据非常吻合。分析这段时期的社会影响地形,可以发现从低水平到高水平的社会传染突然过渡,并且各地区之间存在明显的差异。这些结果表明,社会蔓延效应在塑造大规模集体政治行为方面越来越有用,对民主选举进程和政策产生了影响。

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  • 年(卷),期 -1(12),5
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  • 页码 e0177970
  • 总页数 30
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