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Low Arousing Positive Affect Broadens Visual Attention and Alters the Thought-Action Repertoire While Broadened Visual Attention Does Not

机译：低引起的积极影响扩大了视觉注意力并改变了思维-动作方式而扩大了的视觉注意力却没有

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The Broaden-and-Build Theory states that positive emotions broaden cognition and therefore build personal resources. However, missing theoretical precision regarding the interaction of the cognitive processes involved offers a variety of possible explanations for the mechanisms of broadening and building. In Experiment 1 we tested the causality assumption which states that positive emotions first broaden visual attention which in turn leads to broadened cognition. We examined the effects of a broadened, narrowed or neutral attentional scope of 72 subjects (30 men) on their momentary thought-action repertoire. Results showed that there were no significant differences between groups regarding the breadth or the content of the thought-action repertoire. In Experiment 2 we studied the non-causality hypothesis which assumes a non-causal relationship between cognitive processes. We did so by investigating the effects of negative, neutral, and positive affect on the visual attentional scope of 85 subjects (41 men) in Experiment 2a, as well as on the thought-action repertoire of 85 participants (42 men) in Experiment 2b. Results revealed an attentional broadening effect in Experiment 2a but no differences between groups concerning the breadth of the thought-action repertoire in Experiment 2b. However, a theory driven content analysis showed that positive affect promoted social actions. Thus, our results favor the non-causality assumption. Moreover, results indicate that positive emotions do not target personal resources in general but rather resources associated with social behavior. In conclusion, we argue that the Broaden-and-Build Theory should be refined.
机译：拓宽与构建理论指出，积极的情绪拓宽了认知范围，因此建立了个人资源。然而，关于所涉及的认知过程的相互作用缺乏理论上的精确性，为扩大和建立机制提供了多种可能的解释。在实验1中，我们测试了因果关系假设，该假设指出，积极情绪首先会扩大视觉注意力，进而导致扩大认知。我们研究了72名受试者（30名男性）的注意力范围的扩大，缩小或中性对他们瞬时思考行为的影响。结果表明，各组之间在思考行动方面的广度或内容没有显着差异。在实验2中，我们研究了非因果性假设，该假设假设认知过程之间存在非因果关系。我们通过调查负面，中性和正面影响对实验2a中85名受试者（41名男性）的视觉注意力范围以及实验2b中85名参与者（42名男性）的思想动作剧本的影响来实现。结果显示，实验2a中的注意力扩大了作用，但实验2b中的思想动作库的广度在两组之间没有差异。但是，基于理论的内容分析表明，积极的影响促进了社会行为。因此，我们的结果支持非因果性假设。此外，结果表明，积极情绪通常不针对个人资源，而是与社会行为相关的资源。总之，我们认为应该完善“拓宽与建造”理论。

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