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Attentional Control Theory in Childhood: Enhanced Attentional Capture by Non-Emotional and Emotional Distractors in Anxiety and Depression

机译：注意控制理论在儿童期：焦虑和抑郁中非情绪和情绪干扰者增强的注意捕获

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Attentional control theory (ACT) proposes that anxiety is associated with executive functioning deficits. The theory has been widely investigated in adults. The current study tested whether symptoms of childhood anxiety and depression were associated with experimentally measured attentional control in the context of non-emotional and emotional stimuli. Sixty-one children (mean age = 9.23 years, range = 8.39–10.41) reported their trait anxiety and depression symptoms and completed three visual search tasks. The tasks used a variant of an irrelevant singleton paradigm and measured attentional capture by task-irrelevant non-emotional (color) and emotional (facial expressions) distractors. Significant attentional capture by both non-emotional and emotional distractors was observed, and was significantly correlated with trait anxiety and symptoms of depression. The strength of relationship between attentional capture and the symptoms did not differ significantly for non-emotional and emotional distractors. The results suggest that symptoms of childhood anxiety and depression are associated with poorer attentional control both in the presence of emotional and non-emotional stimuli, supporting ACT in younger populations. This attentional deficit in the context of non-emotional information might be as central to childhood internalizing symptoms as attentional biases often observed on tasks investigating processing of emotional stimuli.
机译：注意控制理论（ACT）提出，焦虑与执行功能缺陷有关。该理论已被成年人广泛研究。本研究测试了在非情绪和情绪刺激的情况下，儿童焦虑症和抑郁症的症状是否与实验测量的注意力控制有关。六十一名儿童（平均年龄= 9.23岁，范围= 8.39–10.41）报告了他们的性格焦虑和抑郁症状，并完成了三项视觉搜索任务。任务使用了不相关的单例范式的变体，并通过与任务无关的非情绪（颜色）和情绪（面部表情）干扰因素来测量注意力的捕获。观察到非情绪和情绪分心者的重要注意力捕获，并且与特质焦虑和抑郁症状显着相关。对于非情绪和情绪干扰者，注意捕获与症状之间的关系强度没有显着差异。结果表明，在存在情绪和非情绪刺激的情况下，儿童焦虑症和抑郁症的症状与注意力控制较弱有关，从而支持了年轻人群中的ACT。在非情感信息的背景下，这种注意力不足可能是儿童内在症状的核心，因为在调查情绪刺激过程的任务中经常观察到注意力偏见。

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