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Microbiota-Mediated Inflammation and Antimicrobial Defense in the Intestine

机译:肠道菌群介导的炎症和抗菌防御

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摘要

The diverse microbial populations constituting the intestinal microbiota promote immune development and differentiation, but because of their complex metabolic requirements and the consequent difficulty culturing them, they remained, until recently, largely uncharacterized and mysterious. In the last decade, deep nucleic acid sequencing platforms, new computational and bioinformatics tools, and full-genome characterization of several hundred commensal bacterial species facilitated studies of the microbiota and revealed that differences in microbiota composition can be associated with inflammatory, metabolic, and infectious diseases, that each human is colonized by a distinct bacterial flora, and that the microbiota can be manipulated to reduce and even cure some diseases. Different bacterial species induce distinct immune cell populations that can play pro- and anti-inflammatory roles, and thus the composition of the microbiota determines, in part, the level of resistance to infection and susceptibility to inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes recent work characterizing commensal microbes that contribute to the antimicrobial defense/inflammation axis.
机译:构成肠道菌群的各种微生物种群可促进免疫发育和分化,但由于它们复杂的代谢要求以及随之而来的培养困难,它们直到最近仍未得到广泛的鉴定和神秘化。在过去的十年中,深层核酸测序平台,新的计算和生物信息学工具以及数百种共生细菌物种的全基因组表征促进了微生物群的研究,并揭示了微生物群组成的差异可能与炎症,代谢和传染性有关。疾病,即每个人都被独特的细菌菌落定殖,并且可以控制微生物群以减少甚至治愈某些疾病。不同的细菌会诱导不同的免疫细胞群,这些细胞可以发挥促炎和抗炎作用,因此微生物群的组成部分决定了对感染的抵抗性水平和对炎性疾病的易感性。这篇综述总结了表征共生微生物的最新工作,这些微生物有助于抗菌防御/炎症轴。

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