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Microbiota-Mediated Inflammation and Antimicrobial Defense in the Intestine

机译：微生物膜介导的肠道介导的炎症和抗微生物防御

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The diverse microbial populations constituting the intestinal microbiota promote immune development and differentiation, but because of their complex metabolic requirements and the consequent difficulty culturing them, they remained, until recently, largely uncharacterized and mysterious. In the last decade, deep nucleic acid sequencing platforms, new computational and bioinformatics tools, and full-genome characterization of several hundred commensal bacterial species facilitated studies of the microbiota and revealed that differences in microbiota composition can be associated with inflammatory, metabolic, and infectious diseases, that each human is colonized by a distinct bacterial flora, and that the microbiota can be manipulated to reduce and even cure some diseases. Different bacterial species induce distinct immune cell populations that can play pro- and anti-inflammatory roles, and thus the composition of the microbiota determines, in part, the level of resistance to infection and susceptibility to inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes recent work characterizing commensal microbes that contribute to the antimicrobial defense/inflammation axis.
机译：构成肠道微生物群的多种微生物群体促进免疫发育和分化，但由于它们复杂的代谢要求和使它们的困难，它们仍然存在，直到最近，大部分都是无表的和神秘的。在过去十年中，深核酸测序平台，新的计算和生物信息学工具，以及几百个共生细菌种类的全基因组特征促进了微生物群的研究，并揭示了微生物群组合物的差异可以与炎症，代谢和传染相关疾病，每个人都被一个不同的细菌菌群殖民，并且可以操纵微生物群以减少甚至治愈一些疾病。不同的细菌物种诱导不同的免疫细胞群，可以起到促炎和抗炎作用，因此微生物群的组成部分地决定了对炎症性疾病的感染和易感性水平。本综述概述了最近的工作表征了有助于抗微生物防御/炎症轴的共生微生物。

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