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The Efficacy of Landscape-Level Conservation in Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve China

机译：中国长白山生物圈保护区景观水平保护的有效性

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Anthropogenic landscape alteration is rather common in many protected areas (PAs), jeopardizing the efficacy of PAs conservation. However, the general consensus is that PAs still remain effective in habitat conservation. To assess the efficacy of landscape-level conservation, we examined landscape alterations in the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve (CMBR), which was established in 1960 as a “flagship” protected area in China. Based on analyses of high-resolution satellite images and data of forest inventory, field survey and interview, we developed two new indexes to assess the efficacy of landscape conservation, i.e. the quality index of protected landscape and the interference index of anthropogenic landscape. From 1993 to 2012, the quality index increased from 74.48 to 75.50, and the interference index decreased from 0.49 to 0.06, suggesting that the overall quality of protected landscape improved and the degree of anthropogenic interference decreased in CMBR. The increase in landscape quality was mainly due to the progressive vegetation recovery of previous cutover land in the windthrow area, the cease of the use of the cultivated land, and the amelioration of spatial pattern of protected landscape. We conclude that the current landscape conservation methods used in CMBR are effective, and the method we developed has the potential to be used to assess the efficacy of landscape-level conservation in nature reserves worldwide.
机译：人为改变景观在许多保护区（PA）中相当普遍，危害了PA保护的功效。但是，普遍的共识是，保护区在生境保护方面仍然保持有效。为了评估景观保护水平的有效性，我们研究了长白山生物圈保护区（CMBR）的景观变化，长白山生物圈保护区于1960年建立，是中国的“旗舰”保护区。在对高分辨率卫星图像和森林资源调查数据进行实地调查和访谈的基础上，我们开发了两个新的指标来评价景观保护的有效性，即保护景观的质量指标和人为景观的干扰指标。从1993年到2012年，CMBR的质量指数从74.48提高到75.50，干扰指数从0.49下降到0.06，表明保护景观的总体质量得到改善，人为干扰的程度降低。景观质量的提高，主要是由于风田地区以前的退耕地植被逐步恢复，耕地的停止使用以及受保护景观空间格局的改善。我们得出的结论是，CMBR中当前使用的景观保护方法是有效的，并且我们开发的方法有潜力用于评估全球自然保护区景观级保护的功效。

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