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How the Spatial Position of Individuals Affects Their Influence on Swarms: A Numerical Comparison of Two Popular Swarm Dynamics Models

机译：个体的空间位置如何影响其对群体的影响：两种流行的群体动力学模型的数值比较

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摘要

Schools of fish and flocks of birds are examples of self-organized animal groups that arise through social interactions among individuals. We numerically study two individual-based models, which recent empirical studies have suggested to explain self-organized group animal behavior: (i) a zone-based model where the group communication topology is determined by finite interacting zones of repulsion, attraction, and orientation among individuals; and (ii) a model where the communication topology is described by Delaunay triangulation, which is defined by each individual's Voronoi neighbors. The models include a tunable parameter that controls an individual's relative weighting of attraction and alignment. We perform computational experiments to investigate how effectively simulated groups transfer information in the form of velocity when an individual is perturbed. A cross-correlation function is used to measure the sensitivity of groups to sudden perturbations in the heading of individual members. The results show how relative weighting of attraction and alignment, location of the perturbed individual, population size, and the communication topology affect group structure and response to perturbation. We find that in the Delaunay-based model an individual who is perturbed is capable of triggering a cascade of responses, ultimately leading to the group changing direction. This phenomenon has been seen in self-organized animal groups in both experiments and nature.
机译：鱼群和鸟类群是通过个体之间的社会互动而产生的自组织动物群的例子。我们对两个基于个体的模型进行了数值研究，最近的经验研究建议这些模型来解释自组织的群体动物行为：（i）一种基于区域的模型，其中群体沟通拓扑由排斥，吸引和定向的有限交互作用区域确定在个人之间； （ii）一种模型，其中通信拓扑由Delaunay三角剖分描述，由每个人的Voronoi邻居定义。这些模型包括一个可调参数，用于控制个人的吸引力和对齐方式的相对权重。我们进行计算实验，以研究当一个人受到干扰时，模拟的群体如何有效地以速度形式传递信息。互相关函数用于测量组对单个成员的标题中的突然扰动的敏感性。结果表明，吸引和对准的相对权重，受扰个体的位置，人口规模以及通信拓扑结构如何影响群体结构和对扰动的响应。我们发现，在基于Delaunay的模型中，一个被打扰的人能够触发一连串的响应，最终导致群体改变方向。在实验和自然界的自组织动物群中都可以看到这种现象。

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