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Bigger families fare better: a novel method to estimate rater contrast effects in parental ratings on ADHD symptoms

机译：更大的家庭票价更好：一种新的估算父母患者患者对症状的疗法造影作用的新方法

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摘要

Many twin studies on parental ratings of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms report low or negative DZ correlations. The observed differences in MZ and DZ variances indicate sibling contrast effects, which appear to reflect a bias in parent ratings. Knowledge of the factors that contribute to this rater contrast effect is, however, limited. Using parent-rated ADHD symptoms from the Twins’ Early Development Study and a novel application of a twin model, we explored a range of socio-demographic variables (ethnicity, socio-economic status, and family size), as potential contributors to contrast effects and their interactive effect with gender composition of twin pairs. Gender did moderate contrast effects but only in DZ opposite-sex twin pairs. Family size also showed a moderating effect on rater contrast effects, which was further modified by gender. We further observed an effect of rating scale, with the DSM-IV ADHD subscale of the Revised Conners’ Parent Rating Scale more resistant to contrast effects than shorter scales of ADHD symptoms. The improved identification of situations where the accuracy of the most common informant of childhood ADHD symptoms – parents – is compromised as a result of rater bias, might have implications for future research on ADHD.
机译：关于双亲注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状的许多双胞胎研究报告DZ相关性较低或为负。在MZ和DZ方差中观察到的差异表明同级对比效果，似乎反映了父级评分的偏差。然而，对导致这种评价者对比效果的因素的知识是有限的。利用双胞胎早期发展研究中父母评价的多动症症状和双胞胎模型的新颖应用，我们探索了一系列社会人口统计学变量（种族，社会经济地位和家庭规模），作为对比效应的潜在贡献者及其与双胞胎性别组成的互动影响。性别仅对DZ异性恋双胞胎有中等的对比效果。家庭规模也对评定者的对比效果显示出适度的影响，而性别又进一步改变了这种影响。我们还观察到了评定量表的影响，修订过的Conners父母评定量表的DSM-IV ADHD子量表比较短的ADHD症状更能抵抗对比效果。对儿童多动症症状最常见的信息提供者（父母）的准确性由于评估者偏见而受到损害的情况的鉴定，可能会影响对多动症的未来研究。

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