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Best Practices in Cancer Nanotechnology – Perspective from NCI Nanotechnology Alliance

机译：NCI纳米技术联盟的癌症纳米技术的最佳实践 - 从NCI纳米技术联盟的角度

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Historically, treatment of patients with cancer using chemotherapeutic agents has been associated with debilitating and systemic toxicities, poor bioavailability, and unfavorable pharmacokinetics. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, on the other hand, can specifically target cancer cells while avoiding their healthy neighbors, avoid rapid clearance from the body, and be administered without toxic solvents. They hold immense potential in addressing all of these issues which has hampered further development of chemotherapeutics. Furthermore, such drug delivery systems will lead to cancer therapeutic modalities which are not only less toxic to the patient but also significantly more efficacious. In addition to established therapeutic modes of action, nanomaterials are opening up entirely new modalities of cancer therapy, such as photodynamic and hyperthermia treatments. Furthermore, nanoparticle carriers are also capable of addressing several drug delivery problems which could not be effectively solved in the past and include overcoming formulation issues, multi-drug-resistance phenomenon and penetrating cellular barriers that may limit device accessibility to intended targets such as the blood-brain-barrier. The challenges in optimizing design of nanoparticles tailored to specific tumor indications still remain; however, it is clear that nanoscale devices carry a significant promise towards new ways of diagnosing and treating cancer. This review focuses on future prospects of using nanotechnology in cancer applications and discusses practices and methodologies used in the development and translation of nanotechnology-based therapeutics.
机译：从历史上看，使用化学治疗剂治疗癌症的患者已经与衰弱和全身毒性，差的生物利用度和不利的药代动力学有关。另一方面，基于纳米技术的药物递送系统可以特别靶向癌细胞，同时避免健康的邻居，避免身体的快速间隙，并在没有有毒溶剂的情况下施用。他们在解决所有这些问题中持有巨大的潜力，这些问题阻碍了化学治疗方法的进一步发展。此外，这种药物递送系统将导致癌症治疗方式，这不仅对患者毒性较少，而且显着更具效率。除了建立治疗的作用模式外，纳米材料还在开辟完全新的癌症治疗方式，如光动力学和热疗治疗。此外，纳米粒子载体还能够解决几种不能有效解决过去的药物输送问题，包括克服的配方问题，多药物阻力现象和穿透细胞屏障，这可能将装置可接受性限制为血液等预期目标-brain-屏障。仍然存在优化针对特定肿瘤适应症的纳米粒子设计的挑战仍然存在;然而，很明显，纳米级装置对诊断和治疗癌症的新方法具有重要的许可。本综述侧重于在癌症应用中使用纳米技术的未来前景，并探讨了基于纳米技术的治疗方法的开发和翻译的实践和方法。

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