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Wavelet Denoising in Voxel Based Parametric Estimation of Small Animal PET Images: A Systematic Evaluation of Spatial Constraints and Noise Reduction Algorithms

机译:基于Voxel的小动物PET图像参数估计中的小波降噪:空间约束和降噪算法的系统评估

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摘要

Voxel based estimation of PET images, generally referred to as parametric imaging, can provide invaluable information about the heterogeneity of an imaging agent in a given tissue. Due to high level of noise in dynamic images, however, the estimated parametric image is often noisy and unreliable. Several approaches have been developed to address this challenge, including spatial noise reduction techniques, cluster analysis, and spatial constrained weighted nonlinear least square (SCWNLS) methods. In this study, we develop and test several noise reduction techniques combined with SCWNLS using simulated dynamic PET images. Both spatial smoothing filters and wavelet based noise reduction techniques are investigated. In addition, 12 different parametric imaging methods are compared using simulated data. With the combination of noise reduction techniques and SCWNLS methods, more accurate parameter estimation can be achieved than either of the two techniques alone. A less than 10% relative root-mean-square-error is achieved with the combined approach in the simulation study. The wavelet denoising based approach is less sensitive to noise and provides more accurate parameter estimation at higher noise levels. Further evaluation of the proposed methods is performed using actual small animal PET datasets. We expect that the proposed method would be useful for cardiac, neurological and oncologic applications.
机译:PET图像的基于体素的估计(通常称为参数成像)可以提供有关给定组织中成像剂异质性的宝贵信息。但是,由于动态图像中的噪声水平很高,因此估计的参数化图像通常嘈杂且不可靠。已经开发出了多种方法来应对这一挑战,包括空间降噪技术,聚类分析和空间约束加权非线性最小二乘(SCWNLS)方法。在这项研究中,我们使用模拟的动态PET图像开发和测试了几种结合SCWNLS的降噪技术。研究了空间平滑滤波器和基于小波的降噪技术。此外,使用模拟数据比较了12种不同的参数成像方法。结合使用降噪技术和SCWNLS方法,可以比单独使用这两种技术中的任何一种实现更准确的参数估计。通过模拟研究中的组合方法,可以实现小于10%的相对均方根误差。基于小波去噪的方法对噪声不太敏感,并且在较高的噪声水平下提供了更准确的参数估计。使用实际的小动物PET数据集对提出的方法进行了进一步评估。我们希望所提出的方法将对心脏,神经和肿瘤应用有用。

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