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A Revised Assay for Monitoring Autophagic Flux in Arabidopsis thaliana Reveals Involvement of AUTOPHAGY-RELATED9 in Autophagy

机译:一种监测拟南芥自噬通量的修订方法揭示了AUTOPHAGY-RELATED9在自噬中的参与。

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摘要

Autophagy targets cytoplasmic cargo to a lytic compartment for degradation. Autophagy-related (Atg) proteins, including the transmembrane protein Atg9, are involved in different steps of autophagy in yeast and mammalian cells. Functional classification of core Atg proteins in plants has not been clearly confirmed, partly because of the limited availability of reliable assays for monitoring autophagic flux. By using proUBQ10-GFP-ATG8a as an autophagic marker, we showed that autophagic flux is reduced but not completely compromised in Arabidopsis thaliana atg9 mutants. In contrast, we confirmed full inhibition of auto-phagic flux in atg7 and that the difference in autophagy was consistent with the differences in mutant phenotypes such as hypersensitivity to nutrient stress and selective autophagy. Autophagic flux is also reduced by an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol kinase. Our data indicated that atg9 is phenotypically distinct from atg7 and atg2 in Arabidopsis, and we proposed that ATG9 and phosphatidylinositol kinase activity contribute to efficient autophagy in Arabidopsis.
机译:自噬将细胞质货物靶向裂解室进行降解。自噬相关(Atg)蛋白,包括跨膜蛋白Atg9,参与酵母和哺乳动物细胞自噬的不同步骤。尚未明确确认植物中核心Atg蛋白的功能分类,部分原因是用于监测自噬通量的可靠测定方法的可用性有限。通过使用proUBQ10-GFP-ATG8a作为自噬标记,我们显示出在拟南芥atg9突变体中自噬通量减少了,但并未完全受损。相反,我们证实了atg7中自噬通量的完全抑制作用,并且自噬的差异与突变表型的差异一致,例如对营养胁迫的超敏性和选择性自噬。磷脂酰肌醇激酶抑制剂也可降低自噬通量。我们的数据表明atg9在表型上与拟南芥中的atg7和atg2不同,并且我们提出ATG9和磷脂酰肌醇激酶活性有助于拟南芥中的有效自噬。

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