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Common marmosets are sensitive to simple dependencies at variable distances in an artificial grammar

机译：普通mar猴对人工语法中可变距离处的简单依存关系敏感

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摘要

Recognizing that two elements within a sequence of variable length depend on each other is a key ability in understanding the structure of language and music. Perception of such interdependencies has previously been documented in chimpanzees in the visual domain and in human infants and common squirrel monkeys with auditory playback experiments, but it remains unclear whether it typifies primates in general. Here, we investigated the ability of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) to recognize and respond to such dependencies. We tested subjects in a familiarization-discrimination playback experiment using stimuli composed of pure tones that either conformed or did not conform to a grammatical rule. After familiarization to sequences with dependencies, marmosets spontaneously discriminated between sequences containing and lacking dependencies (‘consistent’ and ‘inconsistent’, respectively), independent of stimulus length. Marmosets looked more often to the sound source when hearing sequences consistent with the familiarization stimuli, as previously found in human infants. Crucially, looks were coded automatically by computer software, avoiding human bias. Our results support the hypothesis that the ability to perceive dependencies at variable distances was already present in the common ancestor of all anthropoid primates (Simiiformes).
机译：认识到长度可变的序列中的两个元素是相互依赖的，这是理解语言和音乐结构的关键能力。先前已经通过听觉回放实验在视觉领域的黑猩猩以及人类婴儿和普通松鼠猴中记录了对这种相互依存关系的感知，但尚不清楚它是否通常代表灵长类动物。在这里，我们研究了普通mar猴（Callithrix jacchus）识别并响应这种依赖性的能力。我们使用由符合或不符合语法规则的纯音组成的刺激，在熟悉-辨别播放实验中测试了对象。熟悉具有依赖性的序列后，mar猴会自动区分包含依赖性和缺乏依赖性的序列（分别为“一致”和“不一致”），而与刺激长度无关。当早先在人类婴儿中发现时，当听见与熟悉刺激一致的序列时，猴更多地看向声源。至关重要的是，外观是由计算机软件自动编码的，从而避免了人为的偏见。我们的研究结果支持以下假设：在所有拟人灵长类动物（Simiiformes）的共同祖先中已经具有感知可变距离上的依存关系的能力。

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