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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of Equine Science >The Domestic Livestock Resources of Turkey: Status, Use and Some PhysicalCharacteristics of Mules
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The Domestic Livestock Resources of Turkey: Status, Use and Some PhysicalCharacteristics of Mules

机译：土耳其的家畜资源：现状，用途和一些实物Mul子的特点

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摘要

Mules are known to have been used as carriage and riding animals in Mesopotamia and Anatolia as early as the beginning of the second millennium BC but may have been first bred in Anatolia in the Third Century BC. They have thus contributed to Turkey’s cultural, social and economic heritage for more than 4,000 years and were an ancient component of its guild of domestic animals and overall biodiversity. Once bred country-wide most mules are now introduced “illegally” to the southeast and east from Iraq and Iran. Mules are now bred only in one small area in north-central Turkey close to the Black Sea. The major role as a pack animal has been usurped since the mid-twentieth century by increasing use of motor transport and numbers have declined rapidly since the early 1980s. In 2009 about 51,500 mules remained in Turkey, mainly distributed in discrete areas in the extreme southeast, the centre-south, the northwest and the centre-north. In the southeast the main role is in cross-border trade (much of it described as smuggling) whereas in other areas mules are used in support of pastoral and farming operations. Mules in Turkey are of various colours but are generally large and strong compared to those found in many other countries. Pressure on numbers will continue and will exert a negative effect on a part of Turkey’s national heritage and domestic animal biodiversity.
机译：众所周知，子早在公元前二千年初期就已在美索不达米亚和安纳托利亚用作马车和骑乘动物，但可能最早在公元前三世纪在安纳托利亚繁殖。因此，它们为土耳其的文化，社会和经济遗产贡献了4000多年，是土耳其家畜和整体生物多样性协会的重要组成部分。曾经在全国范围内繁殖的大多数les子现在从伊拉克和伊朗“非法”引入东南和东部。现在，es子仅在靠近黑海的土耳其中北部的一个小区域繁殖。自二十世纪中叶以来，由于越来越多地使用机动运输工具，掠夺了成群动物的主要作用，自1980年代初以来，其数量迅速下降。 2009年，土耳其仍有约51,500 mu，主要分布在极东南，中南部，西北和中北部的离散地区。在东南部，主要角色是跨境贸易（其中大部分被描述为走私），而在其他地区，mu子则被用于支持牧业和农业活动。土耳其的子颜色各异，但与其他许多国家相比，它们通常又大又结实。数量压力将继续存在，并将对土耳其的部分国家遗产和家畜生物多样性产生负面影响。

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