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Bayesian techniques for analyzing group differences in the Iowa Gambling Task: A case study of intuitive and deliberate decision-makers

机译:在爱荷华州赌博任务中分析群体差异的贝叶斯技术:以直觉和刻意的决策者为例

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摘要

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is one of the most popular experimental paradigms for comparing complex decision-making across groups. Most commonly, IGT behavior is analyzed using frequentist tests to compare performance across groups, and to compare inferred parameters of cognitive models developed for the IGT. Here, we present a Bayesian alternative based on Bayesian repeated-measures ANOVA for comparing performance, and a suite of three complementary model-based methods for assessing the cognitive processes underlying IGT performance. The three model-based methods involve Bayesian hierarchical parameter estimation, Bayes factor model comparison, and Bayesian latent-mixture modeling. We illustrate these Bayesian methods by applying them to test the extent to which differences in intuitive versus deliberate decision style are associated with differences in IGT performance. The results show that intuitive and deliberate decision-makers behave similarly on the IGT, and the modeling analyses consistently suggest that both groups of decision-makers rely on similar cognitive processes. Our results challenge the notion that individual differences in intuitive and deliberate decision styles have a broad impact on decision-making. They also highlight the advantages of Bayesian methods, especially their ability to quantify evidence in favor of the null hypothesis, and that they allow model-based analyses to incorporate hierarchical and latent-mixture structures.
机译:爱荷华州赌博任务(IGT)是比较人群之间复杂决策的最受欢迎的实验范例之一。最常见的是,使用常客性测试来分析IGT行为,以比较各组之间的表现,并比较为IGT开发的认知模型的推断参数。在这里,我们提出了一种基于贝叶斯重复测量方差分析的贝叶斯替代方法,用于比较性能,以及一套用于评估基于IGT性能的认知过程的三种基于互补模型的方法。这三种基于模型的方法涉及贝叶斯分层参数估计,贝叶斯因子模型比较和贝叶斯潜混合物模型。我们通过应用这些贝叶斯方法来测试直观和故意决策风格的差异与IGT性能差异之间的关联程度,从而说明这些贝叶斯方法。结果表明,直觉和刻意的决策者在IGT上的行为类似,并且建模分析一致地表明,两组决策者都依赖于相似的认知过程。我们的结果对以下观念提出了挑战,即直观和深思熟虑的决策风格中的个体差异会对决策产生广泛影响。他们还强调了贝叶斯方法的优势,尤其是它们量化证据以支持原假设的能力,并且它们允许基于模型的分析合并层次结构和潜在混合物结构。

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