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Associations between daily mortality in London and combined oxidant capacity ozone and nitrogen dioxide

机译：伦敦的每日死亡率与综合氧化剂容量臭氧和二氧化氮之间的联系

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Both nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) are powerful oxidants in ambient air that are intimately linked through atmospheric chemistry and which continuously interchange over very short timescales. Based upon atmospheric chemistry alone, there is a strong, a priori, reason for considering O3 and NO2 together in epidemiological studies, rather than either of the two pollutants separately in single-pollutant models. This paper compares two approaches to this, using Ox, defined as O3 + NO2, as a single metric and also using O3 and NO2 together in two-pollutant models. We hypothesised that the magnitude of the association between Ox and daily mortality would be greater than for NO2 and O3 individually. Using collocated hourly measurements for O3 and NO2 in London, from 2000 to 2005, we carried out a time series analysis of daily mortality. We investigated O3, NO2 and Ox individually in single-pollutant Poisson regression models and NO2 and O3 jointly in two-pollutant models in both all-year and season-specific analyses. We observed larger associations for mean 24-h concentrations of Ox (1.30 % increase in mortality per 10 ppb) than for O3 (0.87 %) and NO2 (0 %) individually. However, when analysed jointly in two-pollutant models, associations for O3 (1.54 %) and NO2 (1.07 %) were comparable to the Ox association. Season-specific analyses broadly followed this pattern irrespective of whether the Ox concentrations were driven by O3 production (summer) or depletion (winter). This novel approach in air pollution epidemiology captures the simultaneous impact of both oxidants whilst avoiding many of the statistical issues associated with two-pollutant models and potentially simplifies health impact calculations.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11869-014-0249-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
机译：二氧化氮（NO2）和臭氧（O3）都是环境空气中的强氧化剂，它们通过大气化学密切相连，并在很短的时间内连续交换。仅基于大气化学，在流行病学研究中就有一个强烈的先验理由需要同时考虑O3和NO2，而不是在单一污染物模型中单独考虑两种污染物中的任何一种。本文对两种方法进行了比较，分别使用定义为O3 ++ NO2的Ox作为单一度量标准，以及在两种污染物模型中同时使用O3和NO2。我们假设，Ox与每日死亡率之间的关联程度将大于单独的NO2和O3。利用2000年至2005年伦敦每小时O3和NO2的并置测量，我们对每日死亡率进行了时间序列分析。我们在单污染物Poisson回归模型中分别研究了O3，NO2和O x ，在两种污染物模型中分别研究了NO 2 和O 3 。全年和按季节进行的分析。我们观察到O x 的平均24小时浓度（每10 ppb死亡率增加1.30％）的关联性大于O 3 （0.87％）和NO 2 （0％）。但是，在两种污染物模型中进行联合分析时，O 3 （1.54％）和NO 2 （1.07％）的关联性与O 3 < / sub>关联。无论O x 的浓度是由O 3 的产生（夏季）还是枯竭（冬季）驱动的，针对季节的分析都大致遵循这种模式。这种新颖的空气污染流行病学方法可以捕获两种氧化剂的同时影响，同时避免了与两种污染物模型相关的许多统计问题，并有可能简化对健康的影响计算。电子补充材料本文的在线版本（doi：10.1007 / s11869-014） -0249-8）包含补充材料，授权用户可以使用。

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