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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Taylor Francis Open Select >Comparison of Grammar in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Case of Binding in Williams Syndrome and Autism With and Without Language Impairment
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Comparison of Grammar in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Case of Binding in Williams Syndrome and Autism With and Without Language Impairment

机译：在神经发育障碍中的语法比较：威廉姆斯综合征和自闭症与有语言障碍和没有语言障碍的结合的情况

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This study investigates whether distinct neurodevelopmental disorders show distinct patterns of impairments in particular grammatical abilities and the relation of those grammatical patterns to general language delays and intellectual disabilities. We studied two disorders (autism and Williams syndrome [WS]) and two distinct properties (Principle A that governs reflexives and Principle B that, together with its associated pragmatic rule, governs pronouns) of the binding module of grammar. These properties are known to have markedly different courses of acquisition in typical development. We compare the knowledge of binding in children with autism with language impairment (ALI) and those with normal language (ALN) to that of children with WS, matched on age to the ALN group, and on age and nonverbal mental age (MA) to the ALI group, as well as to two groups of typically developing (TD) controls, matched on nonverbal MA to ALI and ALN groups. Our results reveal a remarkably different pattern of comprehension of personal pronouns and reflexives in ALI as opposed to ALN, WS, and two groups of TD controls. All five groups demonstrated an equal delay in their comprehension of personal pronouns, in line with widely reported delays in TD literature, argued to be due to delayed pragmatic abilities. However, and most strikingly, the ALI group also showed a pronounced difficulty in comprehension of reflexive pronouns, and particularly of the knowledge that the antecedent of a reflexive must c-command it. The revealed pattern confirms the existence of a particular impairment concerning Principle A in this module of grammar, unrelated to general language delays or cognitive deficits generally present in a large portion of individuals with autism as well as WS, or to general pragmatic deficits, known to be particularly prevalent in the population with autism.
机译：这项研究调查了不同的神经发育障碍是否在特定的语法能力上表现出不同的障碍模式，以及这些语法模式与一般语言延迟和智力障碍之间的关系。我们研究了语法绑定模块的两种病症（自闭症和威廉姆斯综合症[WS]）和两种不同的性质（控制自反性的原理A和原则B，以及与其相关的语用规则一起控制代词）。已知这些属性在典型开发中具有明显不同的获取过程。我们比较了患有语言障碍（ALI）和具有正常语言（ALN）的自闭症儿童与WS儿童，与年龄相匹配的ALN组以及与年龄和非语言智力年龄（MA）相匹配的绑定知识。 ALI组以及两组通常发育的（TD）对照，在非言语MA上与ALI和ALN组匹配。我们的研究结果表明，与ALN，WS和两组TD控件相比，ALI对人称代词和反身格的理解方式明显不同。这五个群体在理解人称代词方面均表现出同样的延迟，这与TD文献中广泛报道的延迟相一致，认为这是由于语用能力的延迟。但是，最引人注目的是，ALI小组在理解反身代词时也表现出了明显的困难，尤其是在认识到反身代词的先行词必须命令它时。所揭示的模式证实了该语法模块中与原则A有关的特定损伤的存在，与普遍存在的自闭症和WS个体中普遍存在的语言延迟或认知缺陷无关，或与已知的一般语用缺陷无关在自闭症人群中尤为普遍。

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