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3D Wettable Framework for Dendrite-Free Alkali Metal Anodes

机译：无树突状碱金属阳极的3D可湿性框架

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摘要

The infinite volume change and dendritic behavior in alkali metal anodes lead to low Coulombic efficiency and short-circuit issues that significantly hamper renewed efforts at commercialization. Here, a dendrite-free alkali metal anode, made by thermally preloading molten Li or Na into a 3D framework with high alkali wettability, is reported. In the mechanically robust 3D framework, carbon fiber (CF) serves as an electrical highway that provides fast charge transfer for the redox reaction. Through a facile solution-based process, a SnO2 coating is introduced to modify the poor wetting behavior of the carbon framework and drastically improve both the electrochemical performance and reliability. The kinetic barrier to adhesion of molten alkali metals on the CF framework is eliminated by the mixed reaction with SnO2. The growth of dendrites is effectively repressed under the decreased local current density of the 3D framework. In full-cell configurations with LiFePO4 cathodes, the Li-CF electrode shows reduced polarization and 90% capacity retention after 500 cycles in traditional carbonate electrolyte. Comparable improvements are also observed in 3D electrodes for Na metal batteries. These findings on a stable 3D carbon framework with improved wetting behavior provide significant practical implications for achieving safe and commercially viable alkali metal anodes.
机译：碱金属阳极中无穷大的体积变化和树枝状行为导致库仑效率低和短路问题，严重阻碍了重新商业化的努力。在此，报道了通过将熔融的Li或Na热预载到具有高碱润湿性的3D框架中而制成的无枝晶的碱金属阳极。在机械坚固的3D框架中，碳纤维（CF）充当电气通道，可为氧化还原反应提供快速的电荷转移。通过基于溶液的简便工艺，引入了SnO2涂层，以改善碳骨架的不良润湿行为，并显着提高电化学性能和可靠性。通过与SnO2的混合反应，消除了对熔融碱金属粘附在CF框架上的动力学障碍。在3D框架的局部电流密度降低的情况下，有效抑制了树枝状晶体的生长。在具有LiFePO4阴极的全电池配置中，Li-CF电极在传统碳酸盐电解质中经过500次循环后显示出降低的极化和90％的容量保持率。在用于Na金属电池的3D电极中也观察到了类似的改进。这些具有改善的润湿行为的稳定3D碳骨架的发现为实现安全和商业上可行的碱金属阳极提供了重要的实际意义。

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