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首页> 外文期刊>Advanced Functional Materials >Neutron Reflectivity and Performance of Polyamide Nanofilms for Water Desalination
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Neutron Reflectivity and Performance of Polyamide Nanofilms for Water Desalination

机译：水脱盐用聚酰胺纳米膜的中子反射率和性能

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摘要

The structure and hydration of polyamide (PA) membranes are investigated with a combination of neutron and X-ray reflectivity, and their performance is benchmarked in reverse osmosis water desalination. PA membranes are synthesized by the interfacial polymerization of m-phenylenediamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC), varying systematically reaction time, concentration, and stoichiometry, to yield large-area exceptionally planar films of approximate to 10 nm thickness. Reflectivity is employed to precisely determine membrane thickness and roughness, as well as the (TMC/MPD) concentration profile, and response to hydration in the vapor phase. PA film thickness is found to increase linearly with reaction time, albeit with a nonzero intercept, and the composition cross-sectional profile is found to be uniform, at the conditions investigated. Vapor hydration with H2O and D2O from 0 to 100% relative humidity results in considerable swelling (up to 20%), but also yields uniform cross-sectional profiles. The resulting film thickness is found to be predominantly set by the MPD concentration, while TMC regulates water uptake. A favorable correlation is found between higher swelling and water uptake with permeance. The data provide quantitative insight into the film formation mechanisms and correlate reaction conditions, cross-sectional nanostructure, and performance of the PA active layer in RO membranes for desalination.
机译：结合中子和X射线反射率研究了聚酰胺（PA）膜的结构和水化性能，其性能在反渗透水脱盐中得到了基准。 PA膜是通过间苯二胺（MPD）和均苯三甲酰氯（TMC）的界面聚合反应，系统地改变反应时间，浓度和化学计量来合成的，以产生厚度约为10 nm的大面积非平面膜。反射率用于精确确定膜的厚度和粗糙度，以及（TMC / MPD）浓度曲线，以及对气相中水合的响应。在所研究的条件下，发现PA膜的厚度随反应时间呈线性增加，尽管截距非零，并且组成的横截面轮廓是均匀的。 H2O和D2O在0至100％的相对湿度下进行蒸气水合作用会导致相当大的溶胀（高达20％），但还会产生均匀的横截面轮廓。发现最终的膜厚度主要由MPD浓度决定，而TMC调节吸水率。发现较高的溶胀度和吸水率与渗透率之间具有良好的相关性。数据提供了对成膜机理的定量见解，并关联了反应条件，横截面纳米结构和RO膜中用于淡化的PA活性层的性能。

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