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首页> 外文期刊>Advanced Materials >Avoidance of Catastrophic Structural Failure as an Evolutionary Constraint: Biomechanics of the Acorn Weevil Rostrum
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Avoidance of Catastrophic Structural Failure as an Evolutionary Constraint: Biomechanics of the Acorn Weevil Rostrum

机译：避免灾难性的结构破坏作为进化的约束：橡子象鼻主席台的生物力学

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摘要

The acorn weevil (Curculio Linnaeus, 1758) rostrum (snout) exhibits remarkable flexibility and toughness derived from the microarchitecture of its exoskeleton. Modifications to the composite profile of the rostral cuticle that simultaneously enhance the flexibility and toughness of the distal portion of the snout are characterized. Using classical laminate plate theory, the effect of these modifications on the elastic behavior of the exoskeleton is estimated. It is shown that the tensile behavior of the rostrum across six Curculio species with high morphological variation correlates with changes in the relative layer thicknesses and orientation angles of layers in the exoskeleton. Accordingly, increased endocuticle thickness is strongly correlated with increased tensile strength. Rostrum stiffness is shown to be inversely correlated with work of fracture; thus allowing a highly curved rostrum to completely straighten without structural damage. Finally, exocuticle rich invaginations of the occipital sutures are identified both as a likely site of crack initiation in tensile failure and as a source of morphological constraint on the evolution of the rostrum in Curculio weevils. It is concluded that avoidance of catastrophic structural failure, as initiated in these sutures under tension, is the driving selective pressure in the evolution of the female Curculio rostrum.
机译：橡子象鼻虫（Curculio Linnaeus，1758）讲台（snout）表现出显着的柔韧性和韧性，源于其外骨骼的微结构。表征了对角质表皮的复合轮廓的修饰，其同时增强了口鼻的远端部分的柔韧性和韧性。使用经典的层压板理论，估计了这些修饰对外骨骼弹性行为的影响。结果表明，在具有高形态学变化的六个Curculio物种上，讲台的拉伸行为与外骨骼中各层的相对层厚度和取向角的变化相关。因此，表皮内膜厚度的增加与抗张强度的增加密切相关。讲台的刚度与骨折的功成反比。因此，高度弯曲的讲台可以完全拉直而不会造成结构损坏。最后，枕骨缝线的表皮丰富的内陷既被确定为拉伸破坏中裂纹萌生的可能部位，又被视为对库库里奥象鼻虫的进化的形态约束的来源。结论是，避免在紧张状态下在这些缝合线中引发的灾难性结构破坏是雌性Curculio讲台进化过程中的选择性驱动压力。

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