Multiple Mechanical Gradients are Responsible for the Strong Adhesion of Spider Attachment Hair

Flenner Silja; Schaber Clemens F.; Krasnov Igor; Stieglitz Hergen; Rosenthal Martin; Burghammer Manfred; Gorb Stanislav N.; Mueller Martin

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Multiple Mechanical Gradients are Responsible for the Strong Adhesion of Spider Attachment Hair

机译：多种机械梯度负责蜘蛛附着头发的强粘附性

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Wandering spiders climb vertically and walk upside-down on rough and smooth surfaces using a nanostructured attachment system on their feet. The spiders are assumed to adhere by intermolecular van der Waals forces between the adhesive structures and the substrate. The adhesive elements are arranged highly ordered on the hierarchically structured attachment hair (setae). While walking, it has been suggested that the spiders apply a shear force on their legs to increase friction. However, the detailed mechanical behavior of the hair's structures during attachment and detachment remains unknown. Here, gradients of the mechanical properties of the attachment hair on different length scales that have evolved to support attachment, stabilize adhesion in contact, and withstand high stress at detachment, examined by in situ experiments, are shown. Shearing helps to self-align the adhesive elements with the substrate. The study is anticipated to contribute to the development of optimized artificial dry adhesives.

机译：在脚下使用纳米结构附件系统，徘徊蜘蛛垂直爬上并在粗糙和光滑的表面上倒置。假设蜘蛛通过在粘合结构和基材之间的分子van der WaaS力粘附。粘合剂元件在分层结构的附接毛发（SETAE）上高度序列。在走路的同时，已经建议蜘蛛在其腿上施加剪切力以增加摩擦力。然而，在附着和脱离期间的头发结构的详细机械行为仍然未知。这里，示出了在不同长度尺度上进化以支撑连接的不同长度尺度的梯度，稳定在接触中稳定，并通过原位实验检测在分离中承受高应力。剪切有助于将粘合元素与基材自对准。预计该研究将有助于开发优化的人造干粘合剂。

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来源
《Advanced Materials》 |2020年第37期|2002758.1-2002758.6|共6页
作者
Flenner Silja; Schaber Clemens F.; Krasnov Igor; Stieglitz Hergen; Rosenthal Martin; Burghammer Manfred; Gorb Stanislav N.; Mueller Martin;
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作者单位

Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht Max Planck Str 1 D-21502 Geesthacht Germany|Univ Kiel Inst Expt & Appl Phys D-24098 Kiel Germany;

Univ Kiel Zool Inst Funct Morphol & Biomech D-24098 Kiel Germany;

Univ Kiel Inst Expt & Appl Phys D-24098 Kiel Germany;

Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht Max Planck Str 1 D-21502 Geesthacht Germany|Univ Kiel Inst Expt & Appl Phys D-24098 Kiel Germany;

European Synchrotron Radiat Facil ESRF 71 Ave Martyrs CS 40220 F-38043 Grenoble 9 France;

European Synchrotron Radiat Facil ESRF 71 Ave Martyrs CS 40220 F-38043 Grenoble 9 France;

Univ Kiel Zool Inst Funct Morphol & Biomech D-24098 Kiel Germany;

Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht Max Planck Str 1 D-21502 Geesthacht Germany|Univ Kiel Inst Expt & Appl Phys D-24098 Kiel Germany;

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正文语种 eng
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关键词
adhesion; fiber diffraction; in situ experiments; small-angle X-ray scattering; spider cuticle;

机译：粘附;纤维衍射;原位实验;小角度X射线散射;蜘蛛角质层;

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1. Strong and Tough Silk for Resilient Attachment Discs The Mechanical Properties of Piriform Silk in the Spider Cupiennius salei (Keyserling, 1877) [J] . Greco Gabriele, Wolff Jonas O., Pugno Nicola M. Frontiers in Materials . 2020,第1期

机译：适用于弹性附件的强壮丝绸，蜘蛛Cupiennius Salei（Keyserling，1877）的圆形丝绸机械性能
2. Adhesion and friction in hunting spiders: The effect of contact splitting on their attachment ability [J] . Frost Kim F., Gorb Stanislav N., Wolff Jonas O. Zoologischer Anzeiger . 2018,第期

机译：狩猎蜘蛛中的粘附和摩擦：接触分裂对其附着能力的影响
3. Taxonomic variation among spiders in the ability to repel water: Surface adhesion and hair density [J] . Suter RB, Stratton GE, Miller PR The Journal of Arachnology . 2004,第1期

机译：蜘蛛在排斥水的能力方面的分类学变化：表面附着力和毛发密度
4. ADHESION MEASUREMENTS ON THE NANOSCALE ATTACHMENT STRUCTURES OF A RANGE OF SPIDER SPECIES [C] . Padraig Keane, Ian Reid, Suzanne P. Jarvis Proceedingss of the 33rd annual meeting of the Adhesion Society, Inc. . 2010

机译：蜘蛛物种的纳米尺度附着结构的附着力测量
5. Community Composition and Biogeography of Beetles and Spiders Across an Elevational Gradient in Denali National Park, Alaska [D] . Haberski, Adam. 2020

机译：甲虫和蜘蛛的社区成分和生物地理，横跨亚马里国家公园的高架梯度，阿拉斯加州
6. Nascent Focal Adhesions Are Responsible for the Generation of Strong Propulsive Forces in Migrating Fibroblasts [O] . Karen A. Beningo, Micah Dembo, Irina Kaverina, 2001

机译：新生的局灶性粘着负责迁移成纤维细胞中强大的推进力的产生。
7. Strong and Tough Silk for Resilient Attachment Discs: The Mechanical Properties of Piriform Silk in the Spider Cupiennius salei (Keyserling, 1877) [O] . Gabriele Greco, Jonas O. Wolff, Nicola M. Pugno 2020

机译：适用于弹性附件盘的强壮丝绸：蜘蛛Cupiennius Salei（keyserling，1877）的圆形丝绸的机械性能

Multiple Mechanical Gradients are Responsible for the Strong Adhesion of Spider Attachment Hair

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