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Impact of optimised trajectories on air traffic flow management

机译：优化航迹对空中交通流量管理的影响

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Multicriteria trajectory optimisation is expected to increase aviation safety, efficiency and environmental compatibility, although neither the theoretical calculation of such optimised trajectories nor their implementation into today's already safe and efficient air traffic flow management reaches a satisfying level of fidelity. The calibration of the underlying objective functions leading to the virtually best available solution is complicated and hard to identify, since the participating stakeholders are very competitive. Furthermore, operational uncertainties hamper the robust identification of an optimised trajectory. These uncertainties may arise from severe weather conditions or operational changes in the airport management. In this study, the impact of multicriteria optimised free route trajectories on the air traffic flow management is analysed and compared with a validated reference scenario which consists of real flown trajectories during a peak hour of Europe's complete air traffic in the upper airspace. Therefore, the TOolchain for Multicriteria Aircraft Trajectory Optimisation (TOMATO) is used for both the multicriteria optimisation of txrajectories and the calculation of the reference scenario. First, this paper gives evidence for the validity of the simulation environment TOMATO, by comparison of the integrated reference results with those of the commercial fast-time air traffic optimiser (AirTOp). Second, TOMATO is used for the multicriteria trajectory optimisation, the assessment of the trajectories and the calculation of their integrated impact on the air traffic flow management, which in turn is compared with the reference scenario. Thereby, significant differences between the reference scenario and the optimised scenario can be identified, especially considering the taskload due to frequent altitude changes and rescinded constraints given by waypoints in the reference scenario. The latter and the strong impact of wind direction and wind speed cause wide differences in the patterns of the lateral trajectories in the airspace with significant influence on the airspace capacity and controller's taskload. With this study, the possibility of a successful 4D free route implementation into Europe's upper airspace is proven even over central Europe during peak hours, when capacity constraints are already reaching their limits.
机译：多准则航迹优化有望提高航空安全性，效率和环境兼容性，尽管这种优化航迹的理论计算及其在当今已经安全有效的空中交通流量管理中的实现都无法达到令人满意的保真度。由于参与的利益相关者竞争激烈，对导致几乎最佳解决方案的潜在目标功能的校准非常复杂且难以识别。此外，操作不确定性妨碍了优化轨迹的可靠识别。这些不确定性可能来自恶劣的天气条件或机场管理部门的运营变化。在这项研究中，分析了多准则优化的自由路线轨迹对空中交通流量管理的影响，并将其与经过验证的参考情景进行了比较，该参考情景包括欧洲上空领空空中空中交通高峰时段的实际飞行轨迹。因此，用于多标准飞机轨迹优化的TOolchain（TOMATO）既可用于飞行轨迹的多标准优化，又可用于参考情景的计算。首先，通过将综合参考结果与商业快速空中交通优化器（AirTOp）的参考结果进行比较，本文为仿真环境TOMATO的有效性提供了证据。其次，TOMATO用于多准则航迹的优化，航迹的评估以及它们对空中交通流量管理的综合影响的计算，然后将其与参考方案进行比较。由此，可以识别参考情景和优化情景之间的显着差异，尤其是考虑到由于频繁的高度变化和参考情景中航路点给定的取消约束而导致的任务负荷。后者以及风向和风速的强烈影响导致空域横向轨迹的模式差异很大，对空域容量和控制器的任务负荷产生重大影响。通过这项研究，即使容量高峰已经达到极限，即使在高峰时段，中欧地区也可以成功实现4D自由航线进入欧洲高空的可能性。

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