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Optimization of Energy Inputs for Gram Production under Different Farming Systems in Madhya Pradesh

机译：中央邦不同耕作制度下谷物生产的能量输入优化

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摘要

The use of energy resources has increased greatly with the advancement in technology and agricultural development,. Traditional or low energy farming is being substituted by modern energy intensive farming wherever feasible in order to meet the growing demand for agricultural products, particularly food. The choice of energy resources has been dynamic due to preferences to chemical inputs and electromechanical power sources. A survey was conducted under the All India Coordinated Research Project on "Energy Requirements in the Agricultural Sector" for energy audit on crop production activity. A whole village approach was used in the different villages of Madhya Pradesh. In order to distinguish between the cultivation practices used by the farmers in the villages surveyed, the farms were grouped as follows: (a) irrigated, and (b) rainfed farms. Further sub-classification was done based on the power source used as (ⅰ) animal farms (using animal as draught power source), (ⅱ) mixed farms (using animal and tractor as draught power) and (ⅲ) tractor farms. Linear programming technique was used to determine the optimal energy inputs for maximum yield obtainable from the given data set of energy inputs used by the farmers and corresponding yields. Due to use of tractors with matching implements in mixed and tractor farms, machinery energy consumption on these farms was higher than that in animal farms. The mixed and tractor farms consumed 1.13 and 1.41 times higher machinery energy than the animal farms. The animal farms, consequently, had the highest renewable energy consumption (2,534 MJ/ha) while tractor farms had highest non-renewable energy consumption (4,971 MJ/ha and 2.5 times that of animal farms). The operational energy consumption patterns and energy resource allocation among the unit operations had been different in three farming systems. With the use of electro-mechanical power sources, the tractor farms had consumed the highest energy in the unit operations followed by mixed farms (using a mix of electro-mechanical and animal power source) and animal farms operating with only animal power. The energy consumption patterns in the present three farming systems indicated the changing energy resource use patterns with progressive mechanization. The quantum of indirect energy consumed in animal and mixed farms were similar while direct energy consumption in mixed farms was higher than animal farms. Use of direct and indirect energy was highest in the tractor farms. In the present cultivation system providing about 37 percent of potential yield, the reliance on commercial energy resources was high, and likely to further increase with increase in crop productivity. With increase in adoption of mechanization, demand of non-renewable energy resources were expected to increase significantly.
机译：随着技术和农业发展的进步，能源的使用大大增加。在可行的情况下，现代能源密集型农业将替代传统或低能耗农业，以满足对农产品（尤其是食品）不断增长的需求。由于偏爱化学输入和机电电源，能源的选择是动态的。在“印度农业部门能源需求”全印度协调研究项目下进行了一项调查，以对作物生产活动进行能源审计。中央邦的不同村庄都采用了整个村庄的方法。为了区分被调查村庄中农民使用的耕作方式，将农场分组如下：（a）灌溉农场，和（b）雨养农场。根据用作（ⅰ）动物农场（使用动物作为吃水的动力），（ⅱ）混合农场（使用动物和拖拉机作为吃水的动力）和（ⅲ）拖拉机农场的动力进行了进一步的分类。线性规划技术被用来确定可从农民使用的能量输入和相应产量的给定数据集获得的最大产量的最佳能量输入。由于在混合农场和拖拉机农场中都使用了带有配套工具的拖拉机，因此这些农场的机械能耗要高于动物农场。混合农场和拖拉机农场的能源消耗是动物农场的1.13倍和1.41倍。因此，动物农场的可再生能源消耗量最高（2,534 MJ / ha），而拖拉机农场的不可再生能源消耗量最高（4,971 MJ / ha，是动物农场的2.5倍）。在三个耕作系统中，单位运营之间的运营能耗模式和能源分配均不同。通过使用机电电源，拖拉机农场在单位运营中消耗的能源最多，其次是混合农场（使用机电和动物电源的混合）和仅使用动物动力的动物农场。当前三种耕作系统中的能源消耗模式表明，随着机械化的发展，能源使用模式正在发生变化。动物和混合农场的间接能量消耗量相似，而混合农场的直接能量消耗高于动物农场。在拖拉机农场中，直接和间接能源的使用最高。在目前提供约37％潜在产量的耕作系统中，对商业能源的依赖程度很高，并且可能随着作物生产力的提高而进一步增加。随着机械化采用的增加，对不可再生能源的需求预计将大大增加。

著录项

  • 来源
    《AMA》 |2013年第1期|27-39|共13页
  • 作者

    Radhey Shyam Singh;

  • 作者单位

    Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal-462038 INDIA;

  • 收录信息 美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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