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Simulation of average energy expenditures and related inhalation rates for the U.S. population

机译：模拟美国人口的平均能源支出和相关吸入率

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Inhalation rates (rVe) for determining intakes of air pollutants generally must be estimated because it is difficult to make direct inhalation measurements in free-standing populations. The key to quantifying rVe is to estimate the oxygen consumption rate (rO2) required to sustain an individual’s total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and then to convert rO2 to rVe using the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VQ). To estimate TDEEs for U.S. population cohorts, nonlinear equations that predict TDEE were developed using data derived from doubly labeled water metabolic studies involving 222 groups with a total of 6,027 subjects. Monte Carlo sampling of lognormally distributed body weights, VQ values, and error terms of the TDEE predictions were then used to simulate average TDEE and rVe for U.S. population cohorts. The maximum TDEE value for males was 13.5 MJ/day, which occurred within the 19–29 year age cohort, and for females it was 10.4 MJ/day at ages 18–19 years. Analyses of the relationship between the body mass index (BMI) and physical activity level (PAL = TDEE ÷ resting metabolic rate) showed that PAL is not very sensitive to changes in BMI. The highest daily inhalation rates for males and females were 17 and 13 m3/day, respectively, and estimated breathing rates for active (nonresting) hours were about a factor of two greater than for inactive (sleep/resting) periods. Finally, it was shown that efforts to control obesity in the USA have the potential for reducing inhalation rates due to the decreased oxygen/energy requirements of lower body weights.
机译：通常必须估计用于确定空气污染物摄入量的吸入率（rVe），因为很难对独立人群进行直接吸入测量。量化rVe的关键是估算维持一个人的每日总能源消耗（TDEE）所需的耗氧率（rO2），然后使用通风的氧气当量（VQ）将rO2转换为rVe。为了估算美国人群的TDEE，使用从包含222个组，共6,027名受试者的双标签水代谢研究得出的数据建立了预测TDEE的非线性方程。然后将对数正态分布的体重，VQ值和TDEE预测的误差项的蒙特卡洛采样用于模拟美国人群的平均TDEE和rVe。男性的最大TDEE值为13.5 MJ /天，发生在19-29岁年龄段，女性的最大TDEE值在18-19岁的年龄为10.4 MJ /天。对体重指数（BMI）和身体活动水平（PAL = TDEE÷静息代谢率）之间关系的分析表明，PAL对BMI的变化不是很敏感。男性和女性的每日最高吸入率分别为17和13立方米/天，并且活动（不休息）小时的估计呼吸速率比不活动（睡眠/休息）时期的呼吸速率大约两倍。最后，研究表明，由于体重减轻，氧气/能量需求降低，在美国控制肥胖的努力有降低吸入率​​的潜力。

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