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Effects of fresh and aged traffic-related particles on breathing pattern, cellular responses, and oxidative stress

机译：新鲜和老化的交通相关颗粒物对呼吸模式，细胞反应和氧化应激的影响

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摘要

Air pollution is comprised of a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate pollutants emitted from multiple sources. During transport in the atmosphere, emissions undergo photochemical reactions, which may change their toxicity. Toxicological and epidemiological studies have linked vehicular emissions to respiratory and cardiovascular health effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of primary and secondary traffic particles. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to either filtered air (control group) or one of three types of atmospheres: fresh primary particles from a major traffic tunnel plenum (P); secondary organic aerosol formed from photochemical oxidation of primary tunnel gases after filtration of primary particles (SOA); or photochemically aged primary particles plus secondary organic aerosols (P + SOA). In each exposure, 80–90 % of pollutant gases were removed using a non-selective denuder. Animals were exposed for 5 h per day, with varying number of days of exposure. Outcomes included: breathing pattern, broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL), complete blood count, and in vivo chemiluminescence (IVCL). Consistent mass concentration (approximately 50 μg/m3) was achieved for all exposures. Respiratory data showed many changes with each exposure type. All exposures produced decreases in tidal volume, minute volume, inspiratory and expiratory flows. There were mild inflammatory changes in BAL, with increased neutrophils for the SOA and P + SOA exposures and lymphocytes for the P and P + SOA exposure, with no changes in any test exposure for total protein, β-NAG or IVCL. All exposures produced changes compared to filtered air. Exposures containing particles (P and P + SOA) had stronger effects than SOA.
机译：空气污染由多种来源的气体和颗粒物污染物组成的复杂混合物组成。在大气中运输期间，排放物会发生光化学反应，这可能会改变其毒性。毒理学和流行病学研究已将车辆排放与呼吸道和心血管健康影响联系在一起。这项研究的目的是调查主要和次要交通颗粒的毒性。将Sprague–Dawley雄性大鼠暴露于过滤空气（对照组）或以下三种类型的气氛之一：来自主要交通隧道气室（P）的新鲜一次颗粒；初级颗粒（SOA）过滤后，初级隧道气体的光化学氧化形成的次级有机气溶胶；或光化学老化的一次颗粒加上二次有机气溶胶（P + SOA）。在每次暴露中，使用非选择性剥蚀剂去除了80–90％的污染物气体。每天将动物暴露5小时，暴露天数不同。结果包括：呼吸方式，支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL），全血细胞计数和体内化学发光（IVCL）。所有暴露均达到一致的质量浓度（约50μg/ m3）。呼吸数据显示每种暴露类型都有许多变化。所产生的所有暴露量都使潮气量，分钟气量，吸气量和呼气量减少。 BAL有轻度的炎症变化，SOA和P + SOA暴露的中性粒细胞增加，P和P + SOA暴露的淋巴细胞增加，总蛋白，β-NAG或IVCL的任何测试暴露均无变化。与过滤后的空气相比，所有暴露都会产生变化。含有颗粒（P和P + SOA）的暴露物比SOA具有更强的作用。

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  • 来源
    《Air quality, atmosphere & health》 |2013年第2期|431-444|共14页
  • 作者

    Edgar A. Diaz; Yeonseung Chung; Denise P. Lamoureux; Vasileios Papapostolou; Joy Lawrence; Mark S. Long; Vicente Mazzaro; Helena Buonfiglio; Rodrigo Sato; Petros Koutrakis; John J. Godleski;

  • 作者单位

    1.Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health 665 Huntington Ave II-217 Boston MA 02115 USA;

    2.Department of Biostatistics Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA 02115 USA 3.Department of Mathematical Sciences Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-Gu Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea;

    1.Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health 665 Huntington Ave II-217 Boston MA 02115 USA;

    1.Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health 665 Huntington Ave II-217 Boston MA 02115 USA;

    1.Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health 665 Huntington Ave II-217 Boston MA 02115 USA;

    1.Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health 665 Huntington Ave II-217 Boston MA 02115 USA;

    1.Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health 665 Huntington Ave II-217 Boston MA 02115 USA;

    1.Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health 665 Huntington Ave II-217 Boston MA 02115 USA;

    1.Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health 665 Huntington Ave II-217 Boston MA 02115 USA;

    1.Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health 665 Huntington Ave II-217 Boston MA 02115 USA;

    1.Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health 665 Huntington Ave II-217 Boston MA 02115 USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Traffic emissions; Particle matter; Respiratory changes; Breathing pattern; Oxidative stress; Lung inflammation;

    机译：交通排放;颗粒物;呼吸变化;呼吸模式;氧化应激;肺部炎症;

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