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Under Stress

机译:在压力下

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摘要

When it came to testing the integrity of aircraft wings, early builders didn't have many choices. On fabric and wood wings, they piled sand-loosed or bagged-to see how much weight could be borne. For sturdier wings, they had workers stand on the wing to determine stress limits. "It's all they could do. There was a lot of guesswork then," says Howard Wolko, a retired special assistant at the National Air and Space Museum and an authority on the history of aircraft structure. "They basically tested it until it broke." It wasn't until 1920, when Donald Douglas set up his own aircraft company, that wing stress tests began to advance. Douglas, one of the first designers with an aeronautical engineering degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, brought a key tool to the process: mathematics.
机译:在测试飞机机翼的完整性时,早期的建造者没有太多选择。他们在布料和木质的机翼上堆放了松散的沙子或装袋,以观察可以承受的重量。对于更坚固的机翼,他们让工人站在机翼上以确定压力极限。国家航空航天博物馆退休特别助理,飞机结构历史权威霍华德·沃尔科说:“这是他们所能做的。那时有很多猜测。” “他们基本上对其进行了测试,直到它破裂为止。”直到1920年,唐纳德·道格拉斯(Donald Douglas)成立了自己的飞机公司,机翼压力测试才开始发展。道格拉斯是麻省理工学院最早获得航空工程学位的设计师之一,他为这一过程带来了关键工具:数学。

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