STEM Training and Early Career Outcomes of Female and Male Graduate Students: Evidence from UMETRICS Data Linked to the 2010 Census

Catherine Buffington; Benjamin Cerf; Christina Jones; Bruce A. Weinberg

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STEM Training and Early Career Outcomes of Female and Male Graduate Students: Evidence from UMETRICS Data Linked to the 2010 Census

机译：男女研究生的STEM训练和早期职业结局：UMETRICS数据与2010年人口普查相关

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This paper explores differences in STEM training environments and labor market placement outcomes using unique transaction data from university combined with administrative and survey data from the Census Bureau. The results show gender separation in training, but no clear gender disadvantages in training environments. There are, however, differences in placement outcomes-women are much less likely to enter industry and more likely to enter academia or government. Women have substantially lower wages, with a larger gap for those entering industry. This difference is due largely to field of study and disappears controlling for gender interacted with marital status and the presence of children. These results should be interpreted with caution. The data represent a limited number of schools and only some aspects of the training environment. Also, labor outcomes likely reflect some unobserved heterogeneity, including in hours worked, and potentially household decisions on housework and child care.

机译：本文使用来自大学的独特交易数据以及来自人口普查局的行政和调查数据，探索了STEM培训环境和劳动力市场安置结果的差异。结果显示培训中的性别分离，但培训环境中没有明显的性别劣势。但是，安置结果存在差异-妇女进入行业的可能性大大降低，而进入学术界或政府的可能性更大。妇女的工资大大降低，与进入该行业的妇女相比，差距更大。这种差异主要归因于研究领域，并且消失了对与婚姻状况和儿童身分相互作用的性别的控制。这些结果应谨慎解释。数据仅代表有限数量的学校，仅代表培训环境的某些方面。同样，劳动成果可能反映了一些未观察到的异质性，包括工作时数，以及潜在的家庭决定做家务和育儿。

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《The American economic review》 |2016年第5期|333-338|共6页
作者
Catherine Buffington; Benjamin Cerf; Christina Jones; Bruce A. Weinberg;
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作者单位

US Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233;

US Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233;

American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC 20007;

Department of Economics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, IZA, and NBER;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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正文语种 eng
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6. STEM Training and Early Career Outcomes of Female and Male Graduate Students: Evidence from UMETRICS Data linked to the 2010 Census [O] . Catherine Buffington, Benjamin Cerf Harris, Christina Jones, -1

机译：男女研究生的STEM培训和早期职业结局：来自UMETRICS数据的证据与2010年人口普查相关
7. Decision-making is the process of analyzing information about a problem situation and comparing it to a specific conclusion in order to solve a specific problematic (Yıkılmaz, 2001; Miller and Byrnes, 2001). Decision-making styles are a mechanism that is influenced by the internal and external conditions that determine the direction of the decisions of the individual, the content of the decision-making process, and the outcome of the decision-making process (Payne, Bettman and Johson, 1993; Bavol’ár and Orosová, 2015). ACT is a contemporary member of the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy family. ACT (Acceptance and commitment therapy) has both similar and different directions with Behavioral Therapies and Cognitive Therapies (Herbet and Forman, 2011; Hayes, 2004). KKT responds to classical behavioral treatments using both existential and cognitive approaches in the analysis of behavior. KKT is a science wing that tries to solve human problems with a wider perspective aimed at solving problematic human behaviors (Plumb, Stewart, Dahl and Lundgren, 2009). It is seen that there is very little research about the new approach of ACT approach when the aiming country of our country is screened and it is thought that our country will contribute to the field of psychological counseling with the work done. In the scope of the research, experimental and control groups and preliminary test, post-test and follow-up measurements of 2x3 experimental design were used. The study's study group consists of a total of 24 (12 experimental and 12 control groups) university students studying in different departments and levels, continuing their education in the academic year of 2015-2016 in Ağrı province and İbrahim Chechen University in 2015-2016 academic year. The average age of participants in the experiment and control group is 20. There were 12 participants in the experimental group, 7 female and 5 male, and 12 participants, 7 female and 5 male in the control group. Personal Information Form and Decision Making Style Scale prepared by the researcher were used in the research. In order to decide on the tests to be used in the course of analyzing the data, the scores of the participant's Decision Styles Scale pre-test, which are placed primarily in the experimental and control groups, it was analyzed whether the basic expectations of parametric tests were answered. As a result of the analysis made, the scores, skewness and kurtosis coefficients obtained from the Decision Making Styles Scale were given to the experimental and control groups. It was determined that the distribution was normal in the result of Shapiro-Wilk test, in which the skewness and kurtosis coefficients of each sub-scale were ranked between -1 and +1. Participants in the experimental and control groups; homogeneity test results for decision-style pre-test measurements indicate that the data are homogeneous. According to the results of the Mauchly Globalness Test, it has been determined that working supports the hypothesis. It was determined that there was no significant difference between the pre-test scores obtained from dependent decision-making style of experiment and control groups, but the test group showed lower mean scores at the significant level within the scores of post-test and follow-up tests. Therefore, it can be said that the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group reduces the dependent decision-making style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions and the psychoeducation program has a lasting effect. It was determined that there was no significant difference between pre-test, post-test and follow-up scores obtained from the Spontaneous-Instant Decision Style of experiment and control groups. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not cause a significant difference in the Spontaneous-Decision-Making Style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The ACT -oriented psychoeducation program had a decline in the intuitive decision-making styles of the individuals, but this decrease did not create significant differences. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not make a meaningful difference in the intuitive decision style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the KKT oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The pre-test scores obtained from the rational decision-making style of the experimental and control groups showed that there was a difference between the post-test and the follow-up scores, but this difference was not significant. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the test group had higher levels of rational decision style than the pre - test scores in the post test and follow - up scores, whereas the post test and follow - up test scores in the control group rational decision style showed a decrease compared to the pre - test scores. the pre - test scores. Decision-making Styles Scale Avoidant Decision Making As a result of the analysis of the mean scores of the subscale scores of pre-test, post-test and follow-up measures, the group effect was found to be insignificant. It was determined that the experimental and control groups differed significantly from the pre-test scores obtained from the avoidant decision-making style but did not show any significant change within the scores of the post-test and follow-up tests. [O] . mustafa ercengiz, ali haydar şar 2018

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8. Early Career Preparation, Experiences, and Commitment of Female and Male West Point Graduates. Volume 3 [R] . Adams, J. 1985

机译：西部男女毕业生的早期职业准备，经历和承诺。第3卷

STEM Training and Early Career Outcomes of Female and Male Graduate Students: Evidence from UMETRICS Data Linked to the 2010 Census

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