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Water Fountains with Special Effects

机译：特效喷泉

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摘要

Water may be the most fundamental of human needs. It's no surprise, then, that it figures strongly in the earliest recorded stories—those of the Sumerians, who built a thriving civilization in Mesopotamia beginning around 3500 B.C.You may be surprised, however, to learn that the earliest known fountain predates the emergence of Sumerian cities by about 500 years. One example has been found from about 4000 B.C. in Iran. Public fountains soon became gathering places, and the presence of water in the garden was recognized to offer a cooling effect (what we now know to be evaporative cooling) by the ancient Egyptians. For the next approximately 5,900 years fountains remained for the most part driven by gravity-activated either directly from a running source of water such as a river at a higher elevation or from a holding tank built behind the fountain. But that certainly did not mean that the technology was stagnant. Far from it. Fountains emerged as more than sources of water and space conditioning; they became objects of art and entertainment. With the advent of electrical pumps around the turn of the 20th century, and the advancement of control technology later on, ever more ingenuity has been applied to the design of water fountains.
机译：水可能是人类最基本的需求。因此，毫不奇怪，它在最早记录的故事中占有重要地位-苏美尔人的那些人，在公元前3500年左右就在美索不达米亚建立了繁荣的文明。然而，得知最早的喷泉早于史密斯的出现，您可能会感到惊讶。苏美尔城市约有500年。从公元前4000年开始发现一个例子。在伊朗。公共喷泉很快成为人们聚集的地方，花园里的水被古埃及人认为可以起到降温作用（现在我们称之为蒸发降温）。在接下来的约5,900年中，喷泉大部分仍由重力驱动，这些重力是直接由流动的水源（例如高海拔的河流）或喷泉后方的储水箱驱动的。但这当然并不意味着技术停滞不前。离得很远。喷泉的出现不仅仅是水和空间调节的来源。它们成为艺术和娱乐的对象。随着20世纪之交电动泵的问世，以及后来控制技术的发展，喷泉的设计越来越受到人们的青睐。

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  • 来源
    《American Scientist》 |2005年第5期|p.444-451|共8页
  • 作者

    Said Shakerin;

  • 作者单位

    Khoury Hall 106, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

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