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Bacterial alkaline proteases: molecular approaches and industrial applications

机译：细菌碱性蛋白酶：分子方法和工业应用

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摘要

Proteolytic enzymes are ubiquitous in occurrence, being found in all living organisms, and are essential for cell growth and differentiation. The extracellular proteases are of commercial value and find multiple applications in various industrial sectors. Although there are many microbial sources available for producing proteases, only a few are recognized as commercial producers. A good number of bacterial alkaline proteases are commercially available, such as subtilisin Carlsberg, subtilisin BPN′ and Savinase, with their major application as detergent enzymes. However, mutations have led to newer protease preparations with improved catalytic efficiency and better stability towards temperature, oxidizing agents and changing wash conditions. Many newer preparations, such as Durazym, Maxapem and Purafect, have been produced, using techniques of site-directed mutagenesis and/or random mutagenesis. Directed evolution has also paved the way to a great variety of subtilisin variants with better specificities and stability. Molecular imprinting through conditional lyophilization is coming up to match molecular approaches in protein engineering. There are many possibilities for modifying biocatalysts through molecular approaches. However, the search for microbial sources of novel alkaline proteases in natural diversity through the "metagenome" approach is targeting a hitherto undiscovered wealth of molecular diversity. This fascinating development will allow the biotechnological exploitation of uncultured microorganisms, which by far outnumber the species accessible by cultivation, regardless of the habitat. In this review, we discuss the types and sources of proteases, protease yield-improvement methods, the use of new methods for developing novel proteases and applications of alkaline proteases in industrial sectors, with an overview on the use of alkaline proteases in the detergent industry.
机译：蛋白水解酶普遍存在，存在于所有活生物体中，并且对于细胞生长和分化至关重要。细胞外蛋白酶具有商业价值，并且在各种工业领域中有多种应用。尽管有许多微生物来源可用于生产蛋白酶，但只有少数被认为是商业生产者。许多细菌碱性蛋白酶是可商购的，例如枯草杆菌蛋白酶Carlsberg，枯草杆菌蛋白酶BPN'和Savinase，它们主要用作洗涤剂酶。然而，突变导致了新的蛋白酶制剂，其具有改善的催化效率和对温度，氧化剂和改变的洗涤条件的更好的稳定性。使用定点诱变和/或随机诱变技术，已经生产了许多新型制剂，例如Durazym，Maxapem和Purafect。定向进化也为具有更好的特异性和稳定性的多种枯草杆菌蛋白酶变体铺平了道路。通过条件冻干的分子印迹正在出现，以与蛋白质工程中的分子方法相匹配。通过分子方法改性生物催化剂有很多可能性。然而，通过“元基因组”方法在自然多样性中寻找新型碱性蛋白酶的微生物来源的目标是迄今尚未发现的大量分子多样性。这一引人入胜的发展将使未经培养的微生物能够进行生物技术开发，而无论其栖息地如何，其数量远远超过可通过耕种获得的物种。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了蛋白酶的类型和来源，蛋白酶产量提高方法，开发新型蛋白酶的新方法的使用以及碱性蛋白酶在工业领域的应用，并概述了碱性蛋白酶在洗涤剂行业中的应用。

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    《Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology》 |2002年第1期|15-32|共18页
  • 作者

    R. Gupta; Q. Beg; P. Lorenz;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Microbiology University of Delhi South Campus Benito Juarez Marg New Delhi 110 021 India;

    Department of Microbiology University of Delhi South Campus Benito Juarez Marg New Delhi 110 021 India;

    B.R.A.I.N Aktiengesellschaft Darmstädter Strasse 34 64673 Zwingenberg Germany;

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