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Landscape and climate change threats to wetlands of North and Central America

机译：景观和气候变化对北美和中美洲湿地的威胁

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摘要

North and Central America has a combined total of 2.5 million km~2 of wetlands, with 51 % in Canada, 46 % in the USA, and the remainder in subtropical and tropical Mexico and Central America. Loss rates are well known for the conterminous USA and for parts of Canada but poorly understood for Mexico and Central America. Wetlands of North America continue to be threatened due to drainage for agriculture and urban development, extreme coastal and river management, water pollution from upstream watersheds, peat mining, waterfowl management, and more recently climate change. Human use of wetlands in this region are many, including receiving ecosystem services such as water purification, flood regulation, climate regulation, and direct provisioning benefits for many cultures living in and among wetlands, especially in the Louisiana Delta and in Mexico and Central America. Climate change affects will cause wetland impacts on coastal wetlands due to sea level rise and on inland wetlands due to changes in precipitation, air temperature, and river discharges. Wetlands, in turn, have a major role in the storage of carbon in boreal regions of Canada and with carbon sequestration in temperate and tropical wetlands of the Americas.
机译：北美和中美洲总共有250万平方公里的湿地，其中51％在加拿大，46％在美国，其余地区在亚热带和热带墨西哥以及中美洲。损失率在美国本土和加拿大部分地区众所周知，但在墨西哥和中美洲却鲜为人知。由于农业和城市发展的排水，极端的沿海和河流管理，上游流域的水污染，泥炭开采，水禽管理以及最近的气候变化，北美湿地继续受到威胁。在该地区，人类对湿地的使用很多，包括获得生态系统服务，例如水净化，洪水调节，气候调节，以及对生活在湿地中和湿地中的许多文化特别是路易斯安那州三角洲以及墨西哥和中美洲的直接供应的好处。气候变化的影响将由于海平面上升而对沿海湿地造成湿地影响，而由于降水量，气温和河流排放量的变化而对内陆湿地产生影响。反过来，湿地在加拿大寒带地区的碳储存中起主要作用，在美洲的温带和热带湿地中也具有固碳作用。

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