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首页> 外文期刊>Astrobiology >Survival and germinability of Bacillus subtilis spores exposed to simulated Mars solar radiation: Implications for life detection and planetary protection
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Survival and germinability of Bacillus subtilis spores exposed to simulated Mars solar radiation: Implications for life detection and planetary protection

机译：暴露于模拟火星太阳辐射下的枯草芽孢杆菌孢子的存活和可生性：对生命探测和行星保护的意义

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摘要

Bacterial spores have been considered as microbial life that could survive interplanetary transport by natural impact processes or human spaceflight activity. Deposition of terrestrial microbes or their biosignature molecules onto the surface of Mars could negatively impact life detection experiments and planetary protection measures. Simulated Mars solar radiation, particularly the ultraviolet component, has been shown to reduce spore viability, but its effect on spore germination and resulting production of biosignature molecules has not been explored. We examined the survival and germinability of Bacillus subtilis spores exposed to simulated martian conditions that include solar radiation. Spores of B. subtilis that contain luciferase resulting from expression of an sspB-luxAB gene fusion were deposited on aluminum coupons to simulate deposition on spacecraft surfaces and exposed to simulated Mars atmosphere and solar radiation. The equivalent of 42 min of simulated Mars solar radiation exposure reduced spore viability by nearly 3 logs, while germination-induced bioluminescence, a measure of germination metabolism, was reduced by less than 1 log. The data indicate that spores can retain the potential to initiate germination-associated metabolic processes and produce biological signature molecules after being rendered nonviable by exposure to Mars solar radiation.
机译：细菌孢子被认为是微生物生命，可以通过自然撞击过程或人类航天活动在行星际运输中幸存下来。在火星表面沉积地面微生物或其生物特征分子可能会对生命探测实验和行星保护措施产生负面影响。已显示模拟的火星太阳辐射，尤其是紫外线组分，会降低孢子的活力，但尚未探索其对孢子萌发和由此产生的生物特征分子产生的影响。我们检查了暴露于模拟火星环境（包括太阳辐射）下的枯草芽孢杆菌孢子的存活和可生性。含有萤光素酶的枯草芽孢杆菌的孢子沉积于sspB-luxAB基因融合体上，以模拟在航天器表面的沉积，并暴露在模拟的火星大气和太阳辐射下。相当于42分钟的模拟火星太阳辐射暴露，使孢子活力降低了近3 log，而发芽诱导的生物发光（一种衡量发芽代谢的生物发光）降低了不到1 log。数据表明，孢子在暴露于火星太阳辐射后变得不可行后，仍具有启动发芽相关代谢过程并产生生物标记分子的潜力。

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