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首页> 外文期刊>Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology >Offspring sex ratios reflect lack of repayment by auxiliary males in a cooperatively breeding passerine
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Offspring sex ratios reflect lack of repayment by auxiliary males in a cooperatively breeding passerine

机译：后代的性别比反映了在合作繁殖的雀形目中辅助雄性没有偿还

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The repayment hypothesis posits that primary sex ratios in cooperative species should be biased towards the helping sex because these offspring “repay” a portion of their cost through helping behavior and therefore are less expensive to produce. However, many cooperatively breeding birds and mammals do not show the predicted bias in the primary sex ratio. Recent theoretical work has suggested that the repayment hypothesis should only hold when females gain a large fitness advantage from the presence of auxiliary adults in the group. When auxiliaries provide little or no fitness advantage, competition between relatives should lead to sex ratios biased towards the dispersing (non-helping) sex. We examined the benefits auxiliaries provide to females and corresponding offspring sex ratios in the red-backed fairy-wren (Malurus melanocephalus), a cooperatively breeding Australian bird with male auxiliary helpers. We found that auxiliaries provide little or no benefit to female reproductive success or survival. As predicted, the population primary sex ratio was biased towards daughters, the dispersing sex, and females with auxiliaries produced female-biased broods whereas females without auxiliaries produced unbiased broods. Moreover, offspring sex ratios were more strongly biased toward females in years when auxiliaries were more common in the population. These results suggest that offspring sex ratios are associated with competition among the non-dispersing sex in this species, and also that females may use cues to assess local breeding opportunities for their offspring.
机译：还款假说认为，合作物种的主要性别比例应偏向帮助性，因为这些后代通过帮助行为“偿还”了一部分成本，因此生产成本较低。但是，许多合作繁殖的鸟类和哺乳动物并未显示出其主要性别比例的预期偏差。最近的理论工作表明，只有在女性由于该群体中辅助成年人的存在而获得较大的健身优势时，才应使用还款假说。当助剂提供很少或根本没有健身优势时，亲戚之间的竞争应导致性别比例偏向分散（无助）性行为。我们研究了红背仙fairy（Malurus melanocephalus）（一种与雄性辅助助手合作繁殖的澳大利亚鸟类）中助剂为雌性提供的好处以及相应的后代性别比例。我们发现助剂对女性生殖成功或存活几乎没有或没有任何益处。如预测的那样，人口的主要性别比例偏向于女儿，分散的性别，有助剂的女性产生雌性偏育的育雏，而没有助剂的女性产生无偏育的育雏。此外，当辅助人群在人群中更为普遍时，后代的性别比例更倾向于女性。这些结果表明，后代性别比例与该物种中非分散性之间的竞争有关，而且雌性可能会利用线索来评估其后代的本地繁殖机会。

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