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首页> 外文期刊>Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology >Dynamic adjustment of biosonar intensity to habitat clutter in the bat Macrophyllum macrophyllum (Phyllostomidae)
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Dynamic adjustment of biosonar intensity to habitat clutter in the bat Macrophyllum macrophyllum (Phyllostomidae)

机译：动态声纳强度对蝙蝠大叶（（Phyllostomidae）中栖息地杂物的动态调节

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摘要

Echolocating bats adjust the time–frequency structure such as sweep rate and pulse interval of their sonar calls when they move from open space to vegetation-dense environments. Emitted call intensity is equally important for echolocation, but adjustment of signal intensity to different habitats has never been systematically studied in any bat species. To address this question, we recorded sonar calls of the Neotropical trawling insectivorous bat Macrophyllum macrophyllum (Phyllostomidae) at three sites with different obstacle densities (clutter). We found a clear correlation between emitted intensity and degree of clutter, with intensity proportional to decreasing clutter. In highly cluttered, semicluttered, and open spaces, M. macrophyllum emitted calls with mean source levels (sound pressure level (SPL) 10 cm from the bat’s mouth) of 100, 105, and 111 dB SPL root mean square (rms), respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of dynamic intensity adjustments in bats. Phyllostomid bats were previously considered silent, but the 111-dB SPL rms emitted by free-ranging M. macrophyllum in open space is comparable to output in aerial insectivorous bats from other families. Our results suggest that the acoustic constraints of habitats are better predictors of call intensity than phylogeny and therefore likely to be major drivers shaping the sonar system of bats in the course of evolution.
机译：当蝙蝠从开放空间转移到植被茂密的环境时，蝙蝠会调节时频结构，例如声纳扫频率和脉冲间隔。发出的呼叫强度对于回声定位同样重要，但是从未在任何蝙蝠物种中系统研究过针对不同栖息地的信号强度调节。为了解决这个问题，我们在三个具有不同障碍物密度（杂波）的位置记录了新热带拖网食虫蝙蝠Macrophyllum macrophyllum（Phyllostomidae）的声纳。我们发现发射强度与杂波程度之间存在明显的相关性，强度与减少杂波成正比。在高度混乱，半混乱和开放的空间中，大叶甲烷八面菌发出的呼叫的平均声源水平（距蝙蝠口10 cm处的声压级（SPL））分别为100、105和111 dB SPL均方根（rms） 。据我们所知，这是蝙蝠动态强度调节的第一份文件。以前认为Phyllostomid蝙蝠是无声的，但是在空旷的地方自由放养的M.phylphyllum发出的111 dB SPL rms与其他家庭的空中食虫蝙蝠的输出相当。我们的结果表明，栖息地的声音限制比系统发育更好地预测呼叫强度，因此可能是在进化过程中影响蝙蝠声纳系统的主要驱动力。

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