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首页> 外文期刊>Bioenergy research >Nitrogen Fertilization Does Significantly Increase Yields of Stands of Miscanthus × giganteus and Panicum virgatum in Multiyear Trials in Illinois
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Nitrogen Fertilization Does Significantly Increase Yields of Stands of Miscanthus × giganteus and Panicum virgatum in Multiyear Trials in Illinois

机译：在伊利诺伊州多年试验中，施氮确实显着提高了芒草和百日草的林分产量。

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摘要

The C4 perennial grasses Miscanthus × giganteus and Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) are emerging bioenergy crops. They are attractive because they are productive and recycle nutrients to the overwintering belowground rhizomes, before the dry shoots are harvested. They are therefore expected to require minimal fertilizer inputs, a desirable trait for any crop. Until now, Europe has had the only long-term trials of M. × giganteus, and these have either shown no or a small effect of nitrogen fertilization, while trials of P. virgatum in the USA have shown a clear positive effect of N fertilization. This study exploited the first long-term trials of M. × giganteus in the USA, and first side-by-side comparison with P. virgatum, to test the hypothesis that N fertilization would only improve yields of the latter. A split-plot N fertility treatment (0, 67, 134, and 202 kg(N) ha−1) was added to >5-year-old replicated stands of the two crops at seven locations on contrasting soils in the US Midwest. Averaged across all locations, M. × giganteus yields increased significantly from 23.4 Mg ha−1 with no N fertilization to 28.9 Mg ha−1 (+25 %) at a N application rate of 202 kg ha−1. P. virgatum also showed significant yield increases from 10.33 Mg ha−1 at 0 kg(N) ha−1 to 13.6 Mg ha−1 (+32 %) at 202 kg(N) ha−1. Both species therefore responded to N fertilization and to a similar extent. The increase per unit of added N was small compared to crops such as Zea mays and unlikely to be economically worthwhile. Nitrogen fertilization arrested most of the long-term yield decline that would otherwise have occurred in P. virgatum, but eliminated only about 40 % of the decline observed in M. × giganteus, suggesting additional causal factors for long-term yield decline in this crop. While the crops responded to nitrogen addition at some locations, they did not at others. Therefore a one-case-fits-all optimum fertilization rate cannot be prescribed.
机译：C4多年生草草的芒草×紫阳花（柳枝switch）是新兴的生物能源作物。它们之所以具有吸引力，是因为它们能高产，并且可以在收获干芽之前将营养物质再循环到地下越冬的根茎上。因此，预计它们需要的肥料投入最少，这是任何作物都想要的特性。到目前为止，欧洲只有M.×giganteus的长期试验，但没有显示氮肥的影响或对氮肥的影响很小，而在美国的virgatum的试验显示了氮肥的明显积极作用。 。这项研究利用了美国M.×giganteus的首次长期试验，以及与virgatum的首次并排比较，以检验N施肥只会提高后者的产量的假说。在美国中西部对比土壤中的七个位置，对两种作物的5岁以上复制林分增加了分裂田N肥力处理（0、67、134和202 kg（N）ha-1）。在所有位置平均，M。×gigantus产量从无氮施肥的23.4 Mg ha-1显着增加到202 kg ha-1的N施肥量的28.9 Mg ha-1（+ 25％）。野豌豆还显示出显着的产量增加，从0 kg（N）ha-1的10.33 Mg ha-1增至202 kg（N）ha-1的13.6 Mg ha-1（+ 32％）。因此，两个物种对氮肥的响应程度都相似。与玉米（Zea mays）等农作物相比，每单位添加氮的增加量很小，在经济上不太值得。氮肥阻止了大部分长期的单产下降，而原种原本可能会在此发生，但仅消除了约40％的巨大假单胞菌的下降，这表明该作物长期单产下降的其他原因。尽管在某些地方农作物对氮的添加有反应，但在其他地方却没有。因此，不能规定一种适合所有情况的最佳施肥率。

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  • 来源
    《Bioenergy research》 |2014年第1期|408-416|共9页
  • 作者

    Rebecca A. Arundale; Frank G. Dohleman; Thomas B. Voigt; Stephen P. Long;

  • 作者单位

    1.Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign IL USA 2.Energy Biosciences Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign IL USA 5.BP Biofuels 501 Westlake Park Boulevard Houston TX 77079 USA;

    1.Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign IL USA 6.Biotechnology Monsanto Company 700 Chesterfield Parkway West Chesterfield MO 63017 USA;

    2.Energy Biosciences Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign IL USA 3.Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign IL USA;

    1.Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign IL USA 2.Energy Biosciences Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign IL USA 3.Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign IL USA 4.Institute for Genomic Biology 1206 W. Gregory Dr. Room 1109 Urbana IL 61801 USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Bioenergy Biofuel Yield decline Nitrogen Fertilizer C4 photosynthesis Miscanthus Switchgrass;

    机译：生物能源生物燃料产量下降氮肥C4光合作用芒草柳枝s;

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