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The Distinctive Patterns of Dynamic Learning and Inter-firm Differences in the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

机译：印度制药行业动态学习与企业间差异的独特模式

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Technological or institutional change has proven to be a major cause of the failure of established firms, and history is full of examples. In a globalized world the capability of a firm to reconfigure existing competencies and create new knowledge for innovation has emerged as a dynamic capability to succeed. I examine the learning processes involved in the development of innovative R&D capabilities in Indian pharmaceutical firms as a response to the strengthening of patent law. The strong patent law represented a major institutional change for Indian firms which had grown in a weak patent era. The analysis shows that the development of new capabilities involved the removal of rigidities and the acquisition of new knowledge, and reveals that Indian firms are adopting strategies such as hiring of Indian scientists educated or working overseas in pharmaceutical R&D and collaborative R&D to acquire innovative R&D capabilities. It further points out the inter–intra firm heterogeneity in learning processes and suggests that the move from basic to advance level capabilities is neither linear nor automatic. It requires a deliberate effort and investment by firms in different mechanisms of learning. The Indian pharmaceutical firms' responses provide important insights for firms from other developing countries.
机译：技术或机构变更已被证明是老牌公司倒闭的主要原因，历史上有很多例子。在全球化的世界中，企业重新配置现有能力并创造创新知识的能力已经成为成功的动态能力。我研究了印度制药公司开发创新研发能力所涉及的学习过程，以此作为对加强专利法的回应。强有力的专利法代表了在弱势专利时代成长的印度公司的重大制度变革。分析表明，新能力的开发涉及消除僵化和获取新知识，并表明印度公司正在采取战略，例如聘用在制药研发和协作研发方面受过教育或海外工作的印度科学家来获得创新的研发能力。它进一步指出了学习过程中企业内部的异质性，并表明从基本能力到高级能力的转变既不是线性也不是自动的。这需要公司在不同的学习机制上进行有计划的努力和投入。印度制药公司的回应为其他发展中国家的公司提供了重要的见识。

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