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Embodied Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) comparison of residential building retrofit measures in Atlanta

机译：体现的生命周期评估（LCA）亚特兰大住宅建筑改造措施的比较

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Studies showed that up to 30% of a building's life cycle energy and emissions are associated with the embodied phase and this number could increase to 50% for energy efficient passive houses. The residential housing market alone has a significant impact on US emissions. This research targeted Atlanta as one of the growing metropolitan areas in the US and conducted an embodied Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) comparison of single-family residential retrofit measures considering the original construction year of the buildings. At first, the paper investigated the potential retrofit measurements to improve the operational energy consumption of the different building categories. The paper then calculated the embodied impacts associated with the retrofit measures and compared them against each other to find the most energy and environmentally efficient options in terms of the embodied impacts. The paper finally conducted a trade-off analysis to investigate the payback period of the retrofit options regarding their impact on the operational energy savings throughout the second phase of the building's life span. The main findings of this research showed that the highest environmental impacts are associated with the attic/knee insulation and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) unit's replacement through retrofitting residential buildings. The findings also demonstrated the significant environmental impacts for foundation wall insulation and window upgrading through retrofitting dwellings built before the 1970s. The trade-off results revealed that the embodied energy payback period is generally around 3-5 years for before 1970s and 1.6-3.2 years for after 1970s buildings.
机译：研究表明，建筑物的生命周期能量和排放的高达30％与实施的阶段相关，该数量可能会增加到节能被动房屋的50％。仅居民住房市场对美国排放产生重大影响。本研究旨在亚特兰大作为美国不断增长的大都市地区之一，并进行了一个体现的生命周期评估（LCA）考虑到建筑物的原始建筑年份的单家庭住宅改造措施的比较。首先，本文调查了潜在的改造测量，以改善不同建筑类别的运营能耗。然后，该文件计算了与改造措施相关的体现的影响，并将其互相进行比较，以便在体现的影响方面找到最多的能量和环境有效的选择。本文终于进行了权衡分析，以调查改造备选方案的投资回收期，了解其在建筑物寿命的第二阶段内对业务节能的影响。本研究的主要结果表明，最高的环境影响与阁楼/膝盖绝缘和加热，通风和空调（HVAC）单位通过改装住宅建筑物的更换有关。调查结果还证明了基础墙体绝缘和窗口通过改装住宅升级的基础墙体绝缘和窗口的重大环境影响。权衡结果表明，体现的能源投资回收期一般于20世纪70年代以前3 - 5年左右，为1970年代建筑物的1.6-3.2岁。

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