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Spatial seated occupancy detection in offices with a chair-based temperature sensor array

机译：具有基于椅子的温度传感器阵列的办公室空间座位占用检测

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摘要

Sensors used to monitor indoor environmental conditions and utility consumption can result in well-defined working and living spaces. Real-time spatiotemporal occupancy detection techniques used to track humans indoors paired with these data can be used to better understand the role of occupants on indoor air quality and building energy consumption. This study introduces a novel occupancy sensing technique whereby a chair-based temperature sensor array is used to detect the presence of occupants seated in a living laboratory open-plan office. Seat surface temperatures were tracked for twenty individuals over seven months using K-type thermocouples with battery-powered dataloggers secured to office chairs in known locations. The temperature differential between the occupant and seat surface enables for rapid conduction and thus detection of one's seated presence. Seat surface temperature time-series were converted to binary seated occupancy for each chair and totaled to achieve a spatial map of room seated occupancy with a time resolution of 15 s. Trends in spatiotemporal seated occupancy profiles in the office were evaluated for seven months using the novel technique. This highly localized form of occupancy detection offers several advantages compared to delocalized sensing techniques, including visualization of spatial occupancy patterns over time; determination of individual seated occupancy histories visualized in the form of "occupancy barcodes;" quantification of total seated hours per occupant in different spatial zones across varying time-scales; and characterization of diurnal and weekly trends in seated occupancy probabilities categorized by an occupant's relative level of presence.
机译：用于监测室内环境条件和公用事业消费的传感器可导致定义的工作和生活空间。用于追踪人类的实时时空占用检测技术与这些数据一起配对，可用于更好地了解乘员对室内空气质量和建筑能耗的作用。本研究介绍了一种新型占用传感技术，其中椅子为基于椅子的温度传感器阵列用于检测坐在活实验室开放式办公室中的乘员的存在。使用K型热电偶跟踪座椅表面温度超过七个月的七个月，电池供电的数据转换器固定在已知位置的办公椅子上。乘员和座椅表面之间的温差能够快速传导，从而检测一个人的坐姿。座椅表面温度时间系列被转换为每个椅子的二元座位占用率，总计为实现房间座位的空间地图，时间分辨率为15秒。使用新技术评估了办公室坐在休息型概况的趋势。这种高度本地化的占用检测形式提供了与截匙传感技术相比的若干优点，包括随时间的空间占用模式的可视化;确定以“占用条形码”形式可视化的个体坐直历史在不同时间尺度上的不同空间区域中每乘员的总座位的定量量;乘员相对存在水平分类的坐直占概率的日元和每周趋势的特征。

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